անուր

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian անուր (anur).

• (Eastern Armenian) IPA^(key): /ɑˈnuɾ/,
• (Western Armenian) IPA^(key): /ɑˈnuɾ/,

• Audio (Eastern Armenian):

  (file)

անուր • (anur)

1. collar (for animals)
2. (figuratively) oppression, yoke

The origin is uncertain. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₁(e)h₂no- +‎ -ուր (-ur) and cognate with Latin anus, Old Irish áinne (Irish fáinne). According to Martirosyan, we may be dealing with a substrate word.

Ałayan derives from earlier *անդուր (*andur) (compare անդրակ (andrak)), from Proto-Indo-European *əndorō, grown from the root *i-n-dro/*endro, a by-form of *oid- (“to swell”), whence այտնում (aytnum), with a sense development “to swell, swelling” → “round” → “ring”, but this is considered untenable by Martirosyan. Ałayan also connects անդրուար (andruar).

անուր • (anur)

1. ring; collar; necklace
   • 5th century, Bible, Job 40.26:

     Եթէ կապիցե՞ս անուր ի քիթս նորա․ անցուցանիցե՞ս դանդանաւանդ ընդ կզակս նորա։

     Etʻē kapicʻe^?s anur i kʻitʻs nora; ancʻucʻanicʻe^?s dandanawand ənd kzaks nora.

     • Translation by Claude E. Cox

       Will you attach a ring in its snout? Will you pass a bit through its chin?

2. collar of the pillory
3. (figuratively) oppression, yoke

In Job, translates Ancient Greek κρίκος (kríkos).

• → Armenian: անուր (anur)

• Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “անուր”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn , Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
• Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “անուր”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
• Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “անուր”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
• Aġayan, Ēduard (1974) Baṙakʻnnakan ew stugabanakan hetazotutʻyunner ‎ (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, pages 20–22
• Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “anur”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 97