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^ Bedrosian, Robert (1987) Elise Antreassian, editor, The Fables of Mkhitar Gosh, New York: Ashod Press, § 30
^ Ališan Ġ., editor (1877), Girkʻ vastakocʻ [Geoponica], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 150
Further reading
Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “ծիրան”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
Norayr N. Biwzandacʻi (2000) “ծիրան”, in Martiros Minassian, editor, Baṙagirkʻ storin hayerēni i matenagrutʻeancʻ ŽA–ŽĒ darucʻ [Dictionary of Middle Armenian Based on the Literature of 11–17th Centuries], edited from the author's unfinished manuscript written 1884–1915, Geneva: Martiros Minassian, page 323
Ġazaryan, Ṙuben, Avetisyan, Henrik (2009) “ծիրան”, in Miǰin hayereni baṙaran [Dictionary of Middle Armenian] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 346b
Old Armenian
Etymology
Uncertain. A presence in at least late Old Armenian is assured by appearance in the Greek section of the Galen dictionary and by the Arabic borrowing ثِيرَان(ṯīrān) attested in a work written in 902–903.
Almost certainly related to Old Armenian ծիրանի(cirani, “purple”) attested since the Classical period (5th c.), although some doubt persists because the purple is not the main color of the apricot.
Even though the apricot has been considered an Armenian fruit (compare Translingual Prunus armeniaca, Latin armeniacum, Italian armellino, Ancient Greek μῆλονἈρμενιακόν(mêlon Armeniakón), Arabic (tuffāḥ al-armanī, “apricot”)), it is not native to the Armenian Highland but has spread from Central Asia to West Asia to Mediterranean Europe & North Africa. See the Wikipedia article for more.
Old Armenian ծիրանի(cirani, “purple”) is closely related to Svanწჷრნი(c̣ərni), წჷრა̈ნი(c̣əräni, “red”), წჷრან(c̣əran, “measles; pear variety”), possibly also to Tsakhurчӏаран(čʼaran, “red”).
The interralationship of all these forms has not been satisfactorily explained.
^ Greppin, John A. C. (1985) Baṙkʿ Gaɫianosi: The Greek–Armenian Dictionary to Galen, Delmar, New York: Caravan Books, page 23
Further reading
More information
Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “ծիրան”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, pages 459–460
Ališan, Ġewond (1895) “ծիրան”, in Haybusak kam haykakan busabaṙutʻiwn [Armenian Botany] (in Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, § 1198, pages 273–274
Bailey, H. W. (1959) “Ambages Indoiranicae”, in AION (Annali Istituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli. Sezione linguistica), volume I, number 2, pages 124–125
Bailey, H. W. (1990) “An Etymology of Cinnabar”, in Annual of Armenian linguistics, volume 11, pages 18–19
J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010) “ծիրան”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, pages 363–364, compares with Proto-Indo-European*ǵerh₂-(“to grow old, mature”), whence Old Armenianծեր(cer, “old”), noting especially the derived term *ǵr̥h₂nóm(“grain”, literally “matured, grown old”); for the association of apricots with ripening compare the ultimate derivation of Englishapricot from Latinpraecox(“ripe before its time, premature”)
Kapancjan, G. A. (1951) “Хурритские слова армянского языка [The Hurrian words of Armenian]”, in HSSṘ GA Teġekagir hasarakakan gitutʻyunneri [Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSR: Social Sciences] (in Russian), number 5, pages 34–35
Laufer, Berthold (1919) Sino-Iranica: Chinese contributions to the history of civilization in ancient Iran, with special reference to the history of cultivated plants and products (Fieldiana, Anthropology; 15), volume 3, Chicago: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, pages 539–540
Morgenstierne, Georg (1938) Iranian Pamir Languages (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), volume II, Oslo: Instituttet for Sammenlignende Kulturforskning; H. Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard), pages 202–203
Morgenstierne, Georg (1974) “čiray”, in Etymological Vocabulary of the Shughni Group (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 6), Wiesbaden: Dr Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 27b
Müller, Friedrich (1877) “Armeniaca V”, in Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Classe (in German), volume 88, number 1, page 14
Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 450, derives from an Iranian descendant of Proto-Iranian*jr̥Hanyam(“gold”), referring to the fruit's colour; the borrowing would have to be very old for the Armenian consonant shift *dz → ծ(c) to operate, as perhaps in արծաթ(arcatʻ)
Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “ծիրան”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
Thorsø, Rasmus (2023) Prehistoric loanwords in Armenian: Hurro-Urartian, Kartvelian, and the unclassified substrate, PhD dissertation, Leiden University, pages 87-88
Viredaz, Rémy (2009) “Notes d'étymologie arménienne II”, in Revue des Études Arméniennes (in French), volume 31, pages 8–18
Vogt, Hans (1988) Linguistique caucasienne et arménienne (Studia Caucasologica; II) (in French), Oslo: Norwegian University Press, page 128
Хачикян, М. Л. (1985) Хурритский и урартский языки [The Hurrian and Urartian languages] (Хурриты и урарты; 2) (in Russian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 140, footnote 50, assumes Hurrian mediation
