توان

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See also: ثوان

Malay

Noun

توان (plural توان-توان or توان۲, informal 1st possessive توانکو, 2nd possessive توانمو, 3rd possessive توانڽ)

  1. Jawi spelling of tuan‎

Persian

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Etymology

Inherited from Middle Persian (twbʾn' /⁠tuwān⁠/, “might; power”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (“to swell, grow, become strong”). Compare Sanskrit तवस् (tavas, “force, power”), Avestan 𐬙𐬎𐬙𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (tutauua, “to be able”), Proto-Slavic *tỳti (“to become fat”), Ancient Greek σῶς (sôs, “safe and sound”). Note that the verb is from the noun, not the other way around.

Pronunciation 1

 

Readings
Classical reading? tuwān, tawān
Dari reading? tawān
Iranian reading? tavân
Tajik reading? tavon
  • Audio (Iran):(file)

Noun

توان • (tavân)

  1. power, stamina
    Synonyms: قدرت (qodrat), نیرو (niru)
  2. ability, competence
    Synonym: توانایی (tavânâyi)
    فراتر از توانم نمی‌توانم تلاش کنم.
    farâtar az tavân-am ne-mi-tavânam talâš konam.
    I can't try beyond my ability.
  3. (physics, engineering) power
  4. (mathematics) exponent
Derived terms

Pronunciation 2

 
 

Readings
Classical reading? tuwān, tawān
Dari reading? tawān
Iranian reading? tavân
Tajik reading? tavon

Verb

توان • (tavân)

  1. present stem form of توانستن (tavânestan)

References

  • Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 386-7
  • Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “توان”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
  • Vullers, Johann August (1855) “توان”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum‎ (in Latin), volume I, Gießen: J. Ricker, page 475a
  • Wolff, Fritz (1935) Glossar zu Firdosis Schahname‎ (in German), Berlin: Reichsdruckerei, page 250b
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