دهقان

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See also: دہقان

Arabic

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle Persian (dhywkʾn' /⁠dahigān⁠/).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /dih.qaːn/, /duh.qaːn/

Noun

دِهْقَان or دُهْقَان • (dihqān or duhqān) m (plural دَهَاقِين (dahāqīn), feminine دِهْقَانَة (dihqāna))

  1. dehqan, publican
  2. publican, alekeeper

Declension

Declension of noun دِهْقَان (dihqān)‎; دُهْقَان (duhqān)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal دِهْقَان‎; دُهْقَان
dihqān‎; duhqān 		الدِّهْقَان‎; الدُّهْقَان
ad-dihqān‎; ad-duhqān 		دِهْقَان‎; دُهْقَان
dihqān‎; duhqān
Nominative دِهْقَانٌ‎; دُهْقَانٌ
dihqānun‎; duhqānun 		الدِّهْقَانُ‎; الدُّهْقَانُ
ad-dihqānu‎; ad-duhqānu 		دِهْقَانُ‎; دُهْقَانُ
dihqānu‎; duhqānu
Accusative دِهْقَانًا‎; دُهْقَانًا
dihqānan‎; duhqānan 		الدِّهْقَانَ‎; الدُّهْقَانَ
ad-dihqāna‎; ad-duhqāna 		دِهْقَانَ‎; دُهْقَانَ
dihqāna‎; duhqāna
Genitive دِهْقَانٍ‎; دُهْقَانٍ
dihqānin‎; duhqānin 		الدِّهْقَانِ‎; الدُّهْقَانِ
ad-dihqāni‎; ad-duhqāni 		دِهْقَانِ‎; دُهْقَانِ
dihqāni‎; duhqāni
Dual Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal دِهْقَانَيْن‎; دُهْقَانَيْن
dihqānayn‎; duhqānayn 		الدِّهْقَانَيْن‎; الدُّهْقَانَيْن
ad-dihqānayn‎; ad-duhqānayn 		دِهْقَانَيْ‎; دُهْقَانَيْ
dihqānay‎; duhqānay
Nominative دِهْقَانَانِ‎; دُهْقَانَانِ
dihqānāni‎; duhqānāni 		الدِّهْقَانَانِ‎; الدُّهْقَانَانِ
ad-dihqānāni‎; ad-duhqānāni 		دِهْقَانَا‎; دُهْقَانَا
dihqānā‎; duhqānā
Accusative دِهْقَانَيْنِ‎; دُهْقَانَيْنِ
dihqānayni‎; duhqānayni 		الدِّهْقَانَيْنِ‎; الدُّهْقَانَيْنِ
ad-dihqānayni‎; ad-duhqānayni 		دِهْقَانَيْ‎; دُهْقَانَيْ
dihqānay‎; duhqānay
Genitive دِهْقَانَيْنِ‎; دُهْقَانَيْنِ
dihqānayni‎; duhqānayni 		الدِّهْقَانَيْنِ‎; الدُّهْقَانَيْنِ
ad-dihqānayni‎; ad-duhqānayni 		دِهْقَانَيْ‎; دُهْقَانَيْ
dihqānay‎; duhqānay
Plural basic broken plural diptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal دَهَاقِين
dahāqīn 		الدَّهَاقِين
ad-dahāqīn 		دَهَاقِين
dahāqīn
Nominative دَهَاقِينُ
dahāqīnu 		الدَّهَاقِينُ
ad-dahāqīnu 		دَهَاقِينُ
dahāqīnu
Accusative دَهَاقِينَ
dahāqīna 		الدَّهَاقِينَ
ad-dahāqīna 		دَهَاقِينَ
dahāqīna
Genitive دَهَاقِينَ
dahāqīna 		الدَّهَاقِينِ
ad-dahāqīni 		دَهَاقِينِ
dahāqīni

Derived terms

References

  • Ullmann, Manfred (1992) Das Motiv des Spiegels in der arabischen Literatur des Mittelalters (Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen: Philologisch-historische Klasse; 198) (in German), Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, pages 145–147

Persian

Etymology

The form from Arabic دِهْقَان (dihqān), from Middle Persian (dhywkʾn' /⁠dahigān⁠/, “countryman, farmer”), also found as دهگان (dehgân) and دهخان (dehxân). By surface analysis, ده (deh, “village”) +‎ ـگان (-gân, “pertaining to, -er”). Akin to Old Armenian դեհկան-ութիւն (dehkan-utʻiwn), Classical Syriac ܕܗܩܢܐ (dahqānā).

Pronunciation

 

Readings
Classical reading? dihqān
Dari reading? dehqān
Iranian reading? dehğân
Tajik reading? dehqon

Noun

Dari دهقان
Iranian Persian
Tajik деҳқон

دهقان • (dehqân)

  1. farmer, peasant
    Synonym: کشاورز (kešâvarz)
    • c. 1390, Hafez, “Ghazal 486”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divan of Hafez]‎:
      دهقان سال‌خورده چه خوش گفت با پسر
      کای نور چشم من! به‌جز از کشته ندروی
      dihqān-i sāl-xwarda či xwaš guft bā pisar
      k-ay nūr-i čašm-i man! ba joz az kišta na-dirawī
      How well the aged peasant spoke to his son:
      "O light of my eyes! You reap nothing but what was planted."
      (Classical Persian romanization)
  2. (historical) dihqan (local aristocrat in late Sasanian and early Islamic Iran)
    • c. 1011, Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, “The Reign of Bahrām Gōr”, in شاهنامه [Book of Kings]‎:
      نه بازارگان ماند ایدر نه شاه
      نه دهقان نه لشکر نه تخت و کلاه
      na bāzārgān mānd andar na šāh
      na dihqān na laškar na taxt u kulāh
      No merchant remained there, nor a king,
      No lord nor army nor throne and crown.
      (Classical Persian romanization)
  3. (obsolete, by extension from "Persian aristocrat") Persian, Iranian (as opposed to Arabs and Turks)
    • c. 1011, Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, “The Reign of Yazdgird”, in شاهنامه [Book of Kings]‎:
      نه دهقان نه ترک و نه تازی بود
      سخن‌ها به کردار بازی بود
      na dihqān na turk u na tāzī buwad
      suxan-hā ba kirdār-i bāzī buwad
      They will be neither Persian nor Turk nor Arab,
      Their words will be in the manner of a joke.
      (Classical Persian romanization)

Derived terms

Descendants

Proper noun

Dari دهقان
Iranian Persian
Tajik Деҳқон

دهقان • (dehqân)

  1. a surname, Dehghan, Dehqan

Further reading

  • Ciancaglini, Claudia A. (2008) Iranian loanwords in Syriac (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 28)‎, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 148
  • Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 139
  • Vullers, Johann August (1855) “دهقان”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum‎ (in Latin), volume I, Gießen: J. Ricker, page 942
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