لم

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Arabic

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Particle

لَمْ • (lam)

  1. not (negating past tense)
    See also: مَا
    لَمْ يَكْتُبْ ― lam yaktub ― He has not written.
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 98:1:
      لَمۡ يَكُنِ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِنۡ أَهۡلِ ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ وَٱلۡمُشۡرِكِينَ مُنفَكِّينَ حَتَّىٰ تَأۡتِيَهُمُ ٱلۡبَيِّنَةُ.
      Those who disbelieved among the People of the Scripture and the polytheists were not to be parted until there came to them clear evidence.
Usage notes
  • لم is used to deny the past. It governs the jussive of the verb.
See also

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Adverb

لِمَ • (lima)

  1. for what, why
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 61:2-3:
      يَا أَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لِمَ تَقُولُونَ مَا لَا تَفْعَلُونَ ۝ كَبُرَ مَقْتًا عِنْدَ ٱللّٰهِ أَن تَقُولُوا مَا لَا تَفْعَلُونَ
      O you who have believed! Why do you say what you do not do? Great is hatred in the sight of Allah that you say what you do not do.

Etymology 3

Verb

لُمْ • (lum) (form I) /lum/

  1. second-person masculine singular imperative of لَامَ (lāma)

Egyptian Arabic

Root
ل م م
1 term

Verb

لم • (lamm) I (non-past يلم (yilimm))

  1. to collect, to gather

Conjugation

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ap-tr=lāmim
pp=ملموم
pp-tr=malmūm
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    Conjugation of لم (form-I geminate)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m لميت (lammēt) لميت (lammēt) لم (lamm) لمينا (lammēna) لميتوا (lammētu) لموا (lammu)
f لميتي (lammēti) لمت (lammit)
present subjunctive m الم (alimm) تلم (tilimm) يلم (yilimm) نلم (nilimm) تلموا (tilimmu) يلموا (yilimmu)
f تلمي (tilimmi) تلم (tílimm)
present indicative m بلم (balimm) بتلم (bitlimm) بيلم (biylimm) بنلم (binlimm) بتلموا (bitlimmu) بيلموا (biylimmu)
f بتلمي (bitlimmi) بتلم (bitlimm)
future m حلم (ḥalimm) حتلم (ḥatlimm) حيلم (ḥaylimm) حنلم (ḥanlimm) حتلموا (ḥatlimmu) حيلموا (ḥaylimmu)
f حتلمي (ḥatlimmi) حتلم (ḥatlimm)
imperative m لم (limm) لموا (limmu)
f لمي (limmi)

Mazanderani

Noun

لم (lam)

  1. bramble

Pashto

Etymology

Akin to Persian دنب (donb, “tail”); see it for more.

Noun

لم • (lëm) m

  1. tail

Persian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Readings
Iranian reading? lemm

Noun

لم • (lemm)

  1. trick, trickery

Etymology 2

Borrowed from French lemme.

Pronunciation

Readings
Iranian reading? lem

Noun

لم • (lem)

  1. (mathematics) lemma

Further reading

  • Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “لم”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
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