مردم
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Pashto
Noun
مردم • (mardúm) m
Persian
Etymology
From Middle Persian (mltwm' /mardōm/, “mankind, people”), from Proto-Iranian *mártyah (“man”) + *táwxma (“family, seed”). Equivalent to Middle Persian (mlt' /mard/, “man”, modern مرد (mard)) + Middle Persian 𐫤𐫇𐫍𐫖 (twhm /tōhm/, “family, seed”, modern تخم (toxm)): "the seed of man". Cognate to Sogdian (mrtxm’y /martoxmē, martəxmē/, “people, man”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key):
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key):
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key):
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | mardum |
| Dari reading? | mardum |
| Iranian reading? | mardom |
| Tajik reading? | mardum |
Noun
| Dari | مردم |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | мардум |
مَرْدُم • (mardom) (plural مردمان (mardomân))
- people (group of humans)
- مردم کشور ― mardom-e kešvar ― the people of the country
- people (nation)
- مردمان ترک ― mardomân-e tork ― Turkic peoples
- (literary) human
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 360:
- دور دور عیسی است ای مردمان
بشنوید اسرار کیش او به جان- dawr dawr-i īsā ast ay mardumān
bešnawēd asrār-i kēš-i ō dar jān - The epoch is the epoch of Jesus. O men,
Hearken with your souls unto the mysteries of his religion!
- dawr dawr-i īsā ast ay mardumān
- (literary) Synonym of مردمک (mardomak, “pupil (of the eye)”).
- c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 330”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:
- غلام مردم چشمم که با سیاه دلی
هزار قطره ببارد چو درد دل شمرم- ğulām-i mardum-i čašmam ki bā siyāh dilī
hazār qatra bibārad čū dard-i dil šimuram - I am a slave to the pupil of my eye, which malevolently
Rains down a thousand teardrops when I count the pains of my heart.
- ğulām-i mardum-i čašmam ki bā siyāh dilī
Usage notes
- Identical to English people, مردم has a plural sense on its own. The plural مردمان is used in the sense of "people" as "nation", or for the literary sense of "one human"; in this latter case مردمان and مردم are identical in meaning.
- مردم usually takes the third-person plural form of the verb.
Related terms
- مردمی (mardomi)
- مردم‌دار (mardom-dâr)
- مردم‌دوست (mardom-dust)
- مردم‌دوستی (mardom-dusti)
- مردم‌شناس (mardom-šenâs)
- مردم‌فریب (mardom-farib)
- مردم‌شناسی (mardom-šenâsi)
- مردم‌سالاری (mardom-sâlâri)
- مردم‌آزاری (mardom-âzâri)
- مردم‌زاده (mardom-zādeh)
References
- Kazzazi, Mir Jalaleddin, Nāme-ye Bāstān (The Ancient Book): The Interpretation of Shahnameh of Ferdowsi, Vol. I, ed. 2, 2013.
- Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “مردم”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
- Edelʹman, D. I. (2015) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 5, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 214