چشم
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Persian
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Alternative forms
- چش (češ) (colloquial, Tehrani)
- چیش (čiš) (colloquial, Shiraz, Kazerun)
- چم (čim), چیم (čīm) (colloquial, Hazaragi)
Etymology
From Middle Persian (AYNE), (čšm /čašm/), from Proto-Iranian *čášma, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *čáćšma. Cognate with Sanskrit चक्षस् (cakṣas).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key):
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): ,
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key):
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | čašm |
| Dari reading? | čašm |
| Iranian reading? | čašm, češm |
| Tajik reading? | čašm |
Noun
| Dari | چشم |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | чашм |
چَشْم or چِشْم • (čašm or češm) (plural چشمان (čašmân) or چشم‌ها (čašm-hâ))
- (anatomy) eye
- cheshmat, Mehrnoosh
- می‌دونستی که توی چشمای تو رنگین‌کمون رو می‌شه دید؟
- mi-dunesti ke tu-ye češmâ-ye to rangin-kamun ro mi-še did?
- Did you know that in your eyes the rainbow can be seen?
- چشمان قشنگ سبزش هیچ‌وقت از خاطرم نمی‌روند.
- češmân-e qašang-e sabzaš hič-vaqt az xâteram nemi-ravand.
- I'll never forget his/her beautiful green eyes.
- cheshmat, Mehrnoosh
Inflection
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| bare | چشم (čéšm) | چشمان، چشم‌ها، چشما△ (češmấn, češm-hấ, češmấ△) |
| definitive direct object | چشم را، چشم رو△ (čéšm râ, čéšmo△) | چشمان را، چشم‌ها را، چشما رو△ (češmấn râ, češm-hấ râ, češmấ ro△) |
| ezâfe | چشم (čéšm-e) | چشمان، چشم‌های، چشمای△ (češmấn-e, češm-hấ-ye, češmấ-ye△) |
| marked indefinite or relative definite |
چشمی (čéšm-i) | چشمانی، چشم‌هایی، چشمایی△ (češmấn-i, češm-hấ-i, češmấi△) |
△ Colloquial.
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person singular (“my”) |
چشمم (čéšmam) | چشمانم، چشمام△ (češmấnam, češmấm△) |
| 2nd person singular (“your”) |
چشمت (čéšmat) | چشمانت، چشمات△ (češmấnat, češmất△) |
| 3rd person singular (“his, her, its”) |
چشمش (čéšmaš) | چشمانش، چشماش△ (češmấnaš, češmấš△) |
| 1st plural (“our”) |
چشممان، چشممون△ (čéšmemân, čéšmemun△) | چشمانمان، چشمامون△ (češmấnemân, češmấmun△) |
| 2nd plural (“your”) |
چشمتان، چشمتون△ (čéšmetân, čéšmetun△) | چشمانتان، چشماتون△ (češmấnetân, češmấtun△) |
| 3rd plural (“their”) |
چشمشان، چشمشون△ (čéšmešân, čéšmešun△) | چشمانشان، چشماشون△ (češmấnešân, češmấšun△) |
△ Colloquial.
Derived terms
Descendants
- → Bengali: চশম (cośom)
- → Gujarati: ચશ્મ (caśma), ચશમ (caśam)
- → Hindi: चश्म (caśma)
- → Urdu: چَشْم (caśm)
Interjection
چشم • (čašm)
- (deferential, somewhat formal) OK, all right
- Synonym: به روی چشم (be ru-ye čašm)
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian چَشْم (čašm).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /t͡ʃəʃm/
- Rhymes: -əʃm
Noun
چَشْم • (caśm) m or f (Hindi spelling चश्म)
Derived terms
- چَشْمَہ (caśma, “glasses”)
Further reading
- Platts, John T. (1884) “چشم”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.