इच्छति

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hišćáti (“to wish”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂i-sḱé-ti, from *h₂eys- (“to wish, desire, want”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬌𐬯𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (isaⁱti), Proto-Slavic *jьskati (whence Russian искать (iskatʹ), Bulgarian и́скам (ískam), Old Church Slavonic искати (iskati)), Lithuanian ieškoti, Old Armenian հայց (haycʻ).

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /it.t͡ɕʰɐ́.ti/,
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈit̪.t͡ɕʰɐ.t̪i/,

इच्छति • (iccháti) third-singular indicative (class 6, type P, present, root इष्)

1. to desire, wish, long for
2. to search, seek
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.108.1:

     किम्इच्छन्ती॑ स॒रमा॒ प्रेदमा॑नड्दू॒रे ह्यध्वा॒ जगु॑रिः परा॒चैः ।
     कास्मेहि॑तिः॒ का परि॑तक्म्यासीत्क॒थं र॒साया॑ अतरः॒ पयां॑सि ॥

     kímícchántī sarámā prédámānaḍdūré hyádhvā jáguriḥ parācaíḥ.
     kā́sméhitiḥ kā́ páritakmyāsītkatháṃ rasā́yā ataraḥ páyāṃsi.

     Seeking what has Saramā arrived here, for far is the road, swallowing up the traveler in the distance?
     What is your mission to us? What was the final turn bringing you here? How did you cross the waters of the Rasā?.

• Pali: icchati
• Prakrit: 𑀇𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀇 (icchaï, “wants”) (collides with descendant of ईप्सति (īpsati, “desires to obtain”) in the sense "desires to obtain", from the root आप् (āp, “to obtain”))
  • Central Indo-Aryan:
    • Old Hindi: ईछना (īchanā)
      • Hindi: ईछना (īchnā)
      • → Hindi: इच्छना (icchanā) (semi-learned)
  • Western Indo-Aryan:
    • Old Gujarati: ईछइ (īchai)
      • Gujarati: ઇછવું (ichavũ)
      • → Gujarati: ઇચ્છવું (icchavũ) (semi-learned)

• Monier Williams (1899) “इच्छति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 169/1.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “iccháti”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press