काळ
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Marathi
Etymology
Inherited from Old Marathi 𑘎𑘰𑘯 (kāḷa), from Prakrit 𑀓𑀸𑀮 / काल / ಕಾಲ (kāla), from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀓𑀸𑀮 (kāla), 𐨐𐨫 (kala), from Sanskrit काल (kālá).
Pronunciation
Noun
काळ • (kāḷ) m
Declension
| Declension of काळ (masc cons-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| direct singular |
काळ kāḷ | ||
| direct plural |
काळ kāḷ | ||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
| nominative प्रथमा |
काळ kāḷ |
काळ kāḷ | |
| oblique सामान्यरूप |
काळा kāḷā |
काळां- kāḷān- | |
| acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
काळाला kāḷālā |
काळांना kāḷānnā | |
| ergative | काळाने, काळानं kāḷāne, kāḷāna |
काळांनी kāḷānnī | |
| instrumental | काळाशी kāḷāśī |
काळांशी kāḷānśī | |
| locative सप्तमी |
काळात kāḷāt |
काळांत kāḷāt | |
| vocative संबोधन |
काळा kāḷā |
काळांनो kāḷānno | |
| Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. | |||
| Genitive declension of काळ (masc cons-stem) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
| singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
काळाचा kāḷāċā |
काळाचे kāḷāċe |
काळाची kāḷācī |
काळाच्या kāḷācā |
काळाचे, काळाचं kāḷāċe, kāḷāċa |
काळाची kāḷācī |
काळाच्या kāḷācā | |
| plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
काळांचा kāḷānċā |
काळांचे kāḷānċe |
काळांची kāḷāñcī |
काळांच्या kāḷāncā |
काळांचे, काळांचं kāḷānċe, kāḷānċa |
काळांची kāḷāñcī |
काळांच्या kāḷāñcā | |
| * Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. | ||||||||
Further reading
- Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “काळ”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, page 25
- Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “काळ”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press, page 163
- दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण (1932-1950) “काळ”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे : महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ), page 713.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “kālá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 157
Pali
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
Adjective
काळ
- Devanagari script form of kāḷa
Declension
Declension table of "काळ" (masculine)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | काळो (kāḷo) | काळा (kāḷā) |
| Accusative (second) | काळं (kāḷaṃ) | काळे (kāḷe) |
| Instrumental (third) | काळेन (kāḷena) | काळेहि (kāḷehi) or काळेभि (kāḷebhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | काळस्स (kāḷassa) or काळाय (kāḷāya) or काळत्थं (kāḷatthaṃ) | काळानं (kāḷānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | काळस्मा (kāḷasmā) or काळम्हा (kāḷamhā) or काळा (kāḷā) | काळेहि (kāḷehi) or काळेभि (kāḷebhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | काळस्स (kāḷassa) | काळानं (kāḷānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | काळस्मिं (kāḷasmiṃ) or काळम्हि (kāḷamhi) or काळे (kāḷe) | काळेसु (kāḷesu) |
| Vocative (calling) | काळ (kāḷa) | काळा (kāḷā) |
Declension table of "काळी" (feminine)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | काळी (kāḷī) | काळियो (kāḷiyo) or काळी (kāḷī) |
| Accusative (second) | काळिं (kāḷiṃ) or काळियं (kāḷiyaṃ) | काळियो (kāḷiyo) or काळी (kāḷī) |
| Instrumental (third) | काळिया (kāḷiyā) | काळीहि (kāḷīhi) or काळीभि (kāḷībhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | काळिया (kāḷiyā) | काळीनं (kāḷīnaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | काळिया (kāḷiyā) | काळीहि (kāḷīhi) or काळीभि (kāḷībhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | काळिया (kāḷiyā) | काळीनं (kāḷīnaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | काळिया (kāḷiyā) or काळियं (kāḷiyaṃ) | काळीसु (kāḷīsu) |
| Vocative (calling) | काळि (kāḷi) | काळियो (kāḷiyo) or काळी (kāḷī) |
Declension table of "काळ" (neuter)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | काळं (kāḷaṃ) | काळानि (kāḷāni) |
| Accusative (second) | काळं (kāḷaṃ) | काळानि (kāḷāni) |
| Instrumental (third) | काळेन (kāḷena) | काळेहि (kāḷehi) or काळेभि (kāḷebhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | काळस्स (kāḷassa) or काळाय (kāḷāya) or काळत्थं (kāḷatthaṃ) | काळानं (kāḷānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | काळस्मा (kāḷasmā) or काळम्हा (kāḷamhā) or काळा (kāḷā) | काळेहि (kāḷehi) or काळेभि (kāḷebhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | काळस्स (kāḷassa) | काळानं (kāḷānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | काळस्मिं (kāḷasmiṃ) or काळम्हि (kāḷamhi) or काळे (kāḷe) | काळेसु (kāḷesu) |
| Vocative (calling) | काळ (kāḷa) | काळानि (kāḷāni) |