क्लेश
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Hindi
Alternative forms
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit क्लेश (kleśa). Doublet of कलेस (kales).
Pronunciation
Noun
क्लेश • (kleś) m
Declension
Declension of क्लेश (masc cons-stem)
Derived terms
- क्लेशित (kleśit, “distressed”)
- क्लेश करना (kleś karnā, “to afflict, distress”)
- क्लेश देना (kleś denā, “to afflict, distress”)
- क्लेशमय (kleśmay, “distressful”)
Related terms
- किलसना (kilasnā)
References
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “क्लेश”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
- ক্লেশ (Assamese script)
- ᬓ᭄ᬮᬾᬰ (Balinese script)
- ক্লেশ (Bengali script)
- 𑰎𑰿𑰩𑰸𑰫 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀓𑁆𑀮𑁂𑀰 (Brahmi script)
- က္လေၐ (Burmese script)
- ક્લેશ (Gujarati script)
- ਕ੍ਲੇਸ਼ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌕𑍍𑌲𑍇𑌶 (Grantha script)
- ꦏ꧀ꦭꦺꦯ (Javanese script)
- 𑂍𑂹𑂪𑂵𑂬 (Kaithi script)
- ಕ್ಲೇಶ (Kannada script)
- ក្លេឝ (Khmer script)
- ກ຺ເລຨ (Lao script)
- ക്ലേശ (Malayalam script)
- ᡬᠯᡝᡧᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘎𑘿𑘩𑘹𑘫 (Modi script)
- ᢉᠯᠧᠱᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦮𑧠𑧉𑧚𑧋 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐎𑑂𑐮𑐾𑐱 (Newa script)
- କ୍ଲେଶ (Odia script)
- ꢒ꣄ꢭꢾꢯ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆑𑇀𑆬𑆼𑆯 (Sharada script)
- 𑖎𑖿𑖩𑖸𑖫 (Siddham script)
- ක්ලෙශ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩜 𑪙𑩽𑩔𑩿 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚊𑚶𑚥𑚲𑚧 (Takri script)
- க்லேஶ (Tamil script)
- క్లేశ (Telugu script)
- กฺเลศ (Thai script)
- ཀླེ་ཤ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒏𑓂𑒪𑒹𑒬 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨋𑩇𑨬𑨄𑨮 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From the root क्लिश् (kliś, “to torment, trouble, suffer”)
Pronunciation
Noun
क्लेश • (kleśa) stem, m
- pain, affliction, distress, pain from disease, anguish
- (Hinduism, Buddhism) in yoga, the five kleśas are named avidyā 'ignorance', asmitā 'egotism', rāga 'desire', dveśa 'aversion' and abhiniveśa 'tenacity of mundane existence'
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of क्लेश (kleśa) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | क्लेशः kleśaḥ |
क्लेशौ / क्लेशा¹ kleśau / kleśā¹ |
क्लेशाः / क्लेशासः¹ kleśāḥ / kleśāsaḥ¹ |
| Vocative | क्लेश kleśa |
क्लेशौ / क्लेशा¹ kleśau / kleśā¹ |
क्लेशाः / क्लेशासः¹ kleśāḥ / kleśāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | क्लेशम् kleśam |
क्लेशौ / क्लेशा¹ kleśau / kleśā¹ |
क्लेशान् kleśān |
| Instrumental | क्लेशेन kleśena |
क्लेशाभ्याम् kleśābhyām |
क्लेशैः / क्लेशेभिः¹ kleśaiḥ / kleśebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | क्लेशाय kleśāya |
क्लेशाभ्याम् kleśābhyām |
क्लेशेभ्यः kleśebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | क्लेशात् kleśāt |
क्लेशाभ्याम् kleśābhyām |
क्लेशेभ्यः kleśebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | क्लेशस्य kleśasya |
क्लेशयोः kleśayoḥ |
क्लेशानाम् kleśānām |
| Locative | क्लेशे kleśe |
क्लेशयोः kleśayoḥ |
क्लेशेषु kleśeṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Descendants
- Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀓𑀺𑀮𑁂𑀲 (kilesa)
- → Classical Newar: कलेश, क्लेश
- → Chinese: 煩惱／烦恼 (fánnǎo) (calque)
- → English: klesha
- → Malay: gelisah
- Pali: kilesa
- → Telugu: క్లేశము (klēśamu)
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “क्लेश”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0324.
- Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “क्लेश”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
- Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “क्लेश”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016