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Pali

Alternative forms

Numeral

चतुर् (catur)

  1. Devanagari script form of catur (“four”)

Declension

Sanskrit

Sanskrit numbers (edit)
40
 ←  3
4
5  → 
    Cardinal: चतुर् (catur)
    Ordinal: चतुर्थ (caturtha), तुरीय (turīya)
    Adverbial: चतुस् (catus)
    Multiplier: चतुर्धा (caturdhā)

Alternative scripts

Etymology

    From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ćatwā́ras, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *čatwā́ras, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres. Cognate with Avestan 𐬗𐬀𐬚𐬡𐬀𐬭 (caθβar), Old Armenian չորք (čʻorkʻ), Lithuanian keturi, Old Church Slavonic четꙑре (četyre), Latin quattuor, Old English feower (whence English four).

    Pronunciation

    Numeral

    चतुर् (catúr)

    1. (cardinal numbers) four

    Declension

    Masculine root-stem declension of चतुर्
    plural
    nominative चत्वारः (catvā́raḥ)
    accusative चतुरः (catúraḥ)
    instrumental चतूर्भिः (catū́rbhiḥ)
    dative चतूर्भ्यः (catū́rbhyaḥ)
    ablative चतूर्भ्यः (catū́rbhyaḥ)
    genitive चतुर्णाम् (caturṇā́m)
    locative चतूर्षु (catū́rṣu)
    vocative चत्वारः (cátvāraḥ)
    Feminine ṛ-stem declension of चतसृ
    plural
    nominative चतस्रः (cátasraḥ)
    accusative चतस्रः (cátasraḥ)
    instrumental चतसृभिः (catasṛ́bhiḥ)
    dative चतसृभ्यः (catasṛ́bhyaḥ)
    ablative चतसृभ्यः (catasṛ́bhyaḥ)
    genitive चतसृणाम् (catasṛṇā́m)
    locative चतसृषु (catasṛ́ṣu)
    vocative चतस्रः (cátasraḥ)
    Neuter root-stem declension of चतुर्
    plural
    nominative चत्वारि (catvā́ri)
    accusative चत्वारि (catvā́ri)
    instrumental चतूर्भिः (catū́rbhiḥ)
    dative चतूर्भ्यः (catū́rbhyaḥ)
    ablative चतूर्भ्यः (catū́rbhyaḥ)
    genitive चतुर्णाम् (caturṇā́m)
    locative चतूर्षु (catū́rṣu)
    vocative चत्वारि (cátvāri)

    Descendants

    All inherited descendants point to चत्वारस् (catvāras), the nominative plural form of चतुर् (catur).

    References

    • Monier Williams (1899), “चतुर्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 384, column 1.
    • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “catvar-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 526-527
    • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “catvā́raḥ”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 252