निर्वाण
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Hindi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit निर्वाण (nirvāṇa, “blown or put out, extinguished”).
Adjective
निर्वाण • (nirvāṇ) (indeclinable)
Noun
निर्वाण • (nirvāṇ) m
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | निर्वाण nirvāṇ |
निर्वाण nirvāṇ |
| oblique | निर्वाण nirvāṇ |
निर्वाणों nirvāṇõ |
| vocative | निर्वाण nirvāṇ |
निर्वाणो nirvāṇo |
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
- নিৰ্বাণ (Assamese script)
- ᬦᬶᬃᬯᬵᬡ (Balinese script)
- নির্বাণ (Bengali script)
- 𑰡𑰰𑰨𑰿𑰪𑰯𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀦𑀺𑀭𑁆𑀯𑀸𑀡 (Brahmi script)
- နိရွာဏ (Burmese script)
- નિર્વાણ (Gujarati script)
- ਨਿਰ੍ਵਾਣ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌨𑌿𑌰𑍍𑌵𑌾𑌣 (Grantha script)
- ꦤꦶꦂꦮꦴꦟ (Javanese script)
- 𑂢𑂱𑂩𑂹𑂫𑂰𑂝 (Kaithi script)
- ನಿರ್ವಾಣ (Kannada script)
- និវ៌ាណ (Khmer script)
- ນິຣ຺ວາຓ (Lao script)
- നിര്വാണ (Malayalam script)
- ᠨᡳᡵᠣᠸᠠ᠊ᠠᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘡𑘱𑘨𑘿𑘪𑘰𑘜 (Modi script)
- ᠨᠢᠷᢦᠠᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧁𑧒𑧈𑧠𑧊𑧑𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐣𑐶𑐬𑑂𑐰𑐵𑐞 (Newa script)
- ନିର୍ଵାଣ (Odia script)
- ꢥꢶꢬ꣄ꢮꢵꢠ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆤𑆴𑆫𑇀𑆮𑆳𑆟 (Sharada script)
- 𑖡𑖰𑖨𑖿𑖪𑖯𑖜 (Siddham script)
- නිර්වාණ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩯𑩑𑩼 𑪙𑩾𑩛𑩪 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚝𑚮𑚤𑚶𑚦𑚭𑚘 (Takri script)
- நிர்வாண (Tamil script)
- నిర్వాణ (Telugu script)
- นิรฺวาณ (Thai script)
- ནི་རྭཱ་ཎ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒢𑒱𑒩𑓂𑒫𑒰𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨝𑨁𑨫𑩇𑨭𑨊𑨘 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From निर्- (nir-, “out”) + वान (vāna, “blown”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /n̪iɾ.ʋɑː.ɳɐ/
Noun
निर्वाण • (nirvāṇa) stem, n (Classical Sanskrit)
- blowing out, extinction, cessation, setting, vanishing, disappearance
- निर्वाणं कृ ― nirvāṇaṃ kṛ ― to blow out, extinguish
- (Hinduism) extinction of the flame of life, dissolution, death or final emancipation from matter and re-union with the Supreme Spirit
- (Buddhism, Jainism) absolute extinction or annihilation (= शून्य (śūnya)) of individual existence or of all desires and passions
- (figuratively) perfect calm or repose or happiness, highest bliss or beatitude
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | निर्वाणम् (nirvāṇam) | निर्वाणे (nirvāṇe) | निर्वाणानि (nirvāṇāni) |
| accusative | निर्वाणम् (nirvāṇam) | निर्वाणे (nirvāṇe) | निर्वाणानि (nirvāṇāni) |
| instrumental | निर्वाणेन (nirvāṇena) | निर्वाणाभ्याम् (nirvāṇābhyām) | निर्वाणैः (nirvāṇaiḥ) |
| dative | निर्वाणाय (nirvāṇāya) | निर्वाणाभ्याम् (nirvāṇābhyām) | निर्वाणेभ्यः (nirvāṇebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | निर्वाणात् (nirvāṇāt) | निर्वाणाभ्याम् (nirvāṇābhyām) | निर्वाणेभ्यः (nirvāṇebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | निर्वाणस्य (nirvāṇasya) | निर्वाणयोः (nirvāṇayoḥ) | निर्वाणानाम् (nirvāṇānām) |
| locative | निर्वाणे (nirvāṇe) | निर्वाणयोः (nirvāṇayoḥ) | निर्वाणेषु (nirvāṇeṣu) |
| vocative | निर्वाण (nirvāṇa) | निर्वाणे (nirvāṇe) | निर्वाणानि (nirvāṇāni) |
Descendants
- Central:
- Kumaoni: निमान (“extinguishing”)
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀡𑀺𑀯𑁆𑀯𑀸𑀡 (ṇivvāṇa)
- Pali: nibbāna
- → Bengali: নির্বাণ (nirban)
- → Chinese: 涅槃 (nièpán)
- → English: nirvana
- → Gujarati: નિર્વાણ (nirvāṇ)
- → Hindi: निर्वाण (nirvāṇ)
- → Indonesian: nirwana
- → Kannada: ನಿರ್ವಾಣ (nirvāṇa)
- → Marathi: निर्वाण (nirvāṇ)
- → Mongolian: ᠨᠢᠷᠸᠠᠨ (nirwan)
- → Punjabi: ਨਿਰਵਾਣ (nirvāṇ)
- → Russian: нирва́на (nirvána)
- → Ukrainian: нірва́на (nirvána)
Adjective
निर्वाण • (nirvāṇa) stem
- blown or put out, extinguished (as a lamp or fire), set (as the sun), calmed, quieted, tamed, dead, deceased (lit. having the fire of life extinguished), lost, disappeared
- immersed, plunged
- immovable
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | निर्वाणः (nirvāṇaḥ) | निर्वाणौ (nirvāṇau) निर्वाणा¹ (nirvāṇā¹) |
निर्वाणाः (nirvāṇāḥ) निर्वाणासः¹ (nirvāṇāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | निर्वाणम् (nirvāṇam) | निर्वाणौ (nirvāṇau) निर्वाणा¹ (nirvāṇā¹) |
निर्वाणान् (nirvāṇān) |
| instrumental | निर्वाणेन (nirvāṇena) | निर्वाणाभ्याम् (nirvāṇābhyām) | निर्वाणैः (nirvāṇaiḥ) निर्वाणेभिः¹ (nirvāṇebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | निर्वाणाय (nirvāṇāya) | निर्वाणाभ्याम् (nirvāṇābhyām) | निर्वाणेभ्यः (nirvāṇebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | निर्वाणात् (nirvāṇāt) | निर्वाणाभ्याम् (nirvāṇābhyām) | निर्वाणेभ्यः (nirvāṇebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | निर्वाणस्य (nirvāṇasya) | निर्वाणयोः (nirvāṇayoḥ) | निर्वाणानाम् (nirvāṇānām) |
| locative | निर्वाणे (nirvāṇe) | निर्वाणयोः (nirvāṇayoḥ) | निर्वाणेषु (nirvāṇeṣu) |
| vocative | निर्वाण (nirvāṇa) | निर्वाणौ (nirvāṇau) निर्वाणा¹ (nirvāṇā¹) |
निर्वाणाः (nirvāṇāḥ) निर्वाणासः¹ (nirvāṇāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | निर्वाणा (nirvāṇā) | निर्वाणे (nirvāṇe) | निर्वाणाः (nirvāṇāḥ) |
| accusative | निर्वाणाम् (nirvāṇām) | निर्वाणे (nirvāṇe) | निर्वाणाः (nirvāṇāḥ) |
| instrumental | निर्वाणया (nirvāṇayā) निर्वाणा¹ (nirvāṇā¹) |
निर्वाणाभ्याम् (nirvāṇābhyām) | निर्वाणाभिः (nirvāṇābhiḥ) |
| dative | निर्वाणायै (nirvāṇāyai) | निर्वाणाभ्याम् (nirvāṇābhyām) | निर्वाणाभ्यः (nirvāṇābhyaḥ) |
| ablative | निर्वाणायाः (nirvāṇāyāḥ) निर्वाणायै² (nirvāṇāyai²) |
निर्वाणाभ्याम् (nirvāṇābhyām) | निर्वाणाभ्यः (nirvāṇābhyaḥ) |
| genitive | निर्वाणायाः (nirvāṇāyāḥ) निर्वाणायै² (nirvāṇāyai²) |
निर्वाणयोः (nirvāṇayoḥ) | निर्वाणानाम् (nirvāṇānām) |
| locative | निर्वाणायाम् (nirvāṇāyām) | निर्वाणयोः (nirvāṇayoḥ) | निर्वाणासु (nirvāṇāsu) |
| vocative | निर्वाणे (nirvāṇe) | निर्वाणे (nirvāṇe) | निर्वाणाः (nirvāṇāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | निर्वाणम् (nirvāṇam) | निर्वाणे (nirvāṇe) | निर्वाणानि (nirvāṇāni) निर्वाणा¹ (nirvāṇā¹) |
| accusative | निर्वाणम् (nirvāṇam) | निर्वाणे (nirvāṇe) | निर्वाणानि (nirvāṇāni) निर्वाणा¹ (nirvāṇā¹) |
| instrumental | निर्वाणेन (nirvāṇena) | निर्वाणाभ्याम् (nirvāṇābhyām) | निर्वाणैः (nirvāṇaiḥ) निर्वाणेभिः¹ (nirvāṇebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | निर्वाणाय (nirvāṇāya) | निर्वाणाभ्याम् (nirvāṇābhyām) | निर्वाणेभ्यः (nirvāṇebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | निर्वाणात् (nirvāṇāt) | निर्वाणाभ्याम् (nirvāṇābhyām) | निर्वाणेभ्यः (nirvāṇebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | निर्वाणस्य (nirvāṇasya) | निर्वाणयोः (nirvāṇayoḥ) | निर्वाणानाम् (nirvāṇānām) |
| locative | निर्वाणे (nirvāṇe) | निर्वाणयोः (nirvāṇayoḥ) | निर्वाणेषु (nirvāṇeṣu) |
| vocative | निर्वाण (nirvāṇa) | निर्वाणे (nirvāṇe) | निर्वाणानि (nirvāṇāni) निर्वाणा¹ (nirvāṇā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
References
- Collins, Steven (2010) Nirvana: Concept, Imagery, Narrative. Cambridge University Press, pages 63-64.
- Monier Williams (1899) “निर्वाण”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0557.