सिन्धु

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Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Etymology

    Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *síndʰuṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *síndʰuš, possibly borrowed from the BMAC substrate. Alternatively, from सेधति (sédhati, to go, move).

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    सिन्धु (síndhu) stemm or f

    1. a river, stream (especially the Indus, and in this sense said to be the only river regarded as masculine gender; compare सिन्धुनदी (sindhunadī) (RV. etc.)
      • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.32.12:
        अश्व्यो॒ वारो॑ अभव॒स्तदि॑न्द्र सृ॒के यत्त्वा॑ प्र॒त्यह॑न्दे॒व एकः॑।
        अज॑यो॒ गा अज॑यः शूर॒ सोम॒मवा॑सृजः॒ सर्त॑वे स॒प्त सिन्धू॑न्
        áśvyo vā́ro abhavastádindra sṛké yáttvā pratyáhandevá ékaḥ.
        ájayo gā́ ájayaḥ śūra sómamávāsṛjaḥ sártave saptá síndhūn.
        When the single resplendent Vṛtra returned the blow which had been inflicted, Indra by your thunderbolt, you became furious like a horse's tail.
        You have rescued the kine; you have won, Hero, the Soma juice; you have let loose the Seven Rivers to flow.
    2. (Vedic religion), the river Indus personified as a goddess.
      • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.75.6:
        तृ॒ष्टाम॑या प्रथ॒मं यात॑वे स॒जूः सु॒सर्त्वा॑ र॒सया॑ श्वे॒त्या त्या।
        त्वं सि॑न्धो॒ कुभ॑या गोम॒तीं क्रुमुं॑ मेह॒त्न्वा स॒रथं॒ याभि॒रीय॑से॥
        tṛṣṭā́mayā prathamáṃ yā́tave sajū́ḥ susártvā rasáyā śvetyā́ tyā́.
        tváṃ sindho kúbhayā gomatī́ṃ krúmuṃ mehatnvā́ saráthaṃ yā́bhirī́yase.
        You, Sindhu, in order to reach the swift-moving Gomatī, have united, yourself first with the Tṛṣṭāmā; (now be united) with the Susartu, the Rasā, the Śveti, the Kubha, and the Mehatnu, inconjunction with which streams you do advance.
    3. flood, waters (also in the sky) (RV., AV.)
    4. ocean, sea (RV. etc.)
    5. a symbolical term for the number 4; compare समुद्र (samudra) (Gaṇit.)
    6. name of Varuṇa (as god of the ocean) (MW.)
    7. the moisture of the lips (Kum.)
    8. water ejected from an elephant's trunk (= वमथु (vamathu)) (L.)
    9. the exudation from an elephant's temples (L.)
    10. the country around the Indus (commonly called Sindh; in plural: "the inhabitants of Sindh") (MBh., Kāv.)
    11. name of Vishnu (RV., MBh.)
    12. white or refined borax (= श्वेतटण्कण (śvetaṭaṅkaṇa)) (L.)
    13. (music) a particular राग (rāga) (Saṃgītas.)

    Declension

    Masculine u-stem declension of सिन्धु
    singular dual plural
    nominative सिन्धुः (síndhuḥ) सिन्धू (síndhū) सिन्धवः (síndhavaḥ)
    accusative सिन्धुम् (síndhum) सिन्धू (síndhū) सिन्धून् (síndhūn)
    instrumental सिन्धुना (síndhunā)
    सिन्ध्वा¹ (síndhvā¹)
    सिन्धुभ्याम् (síndhubhyām) सिन्धुभिः (síndhubhiḥ)
    dative सिन्धवे (síndhave) सिन्धुभ्याम् (síndhubhyām) सिन्धुभ्यः (síndhubhyaḥ)
    ablative सिन्धोः (síndhoḥ) सिन्धुभ्याम् (síndhubhyām) सिन्धुभ्यः (síndhubhyaḥ)
    genitive सिन्धोः (síndhoḥ) सिन्ध्वोः (síndhvoḥ) सिन्धूनाम् (síndhūnām)
    locative सिन्धौ (síndhau) सिन्ध्वोः (síndhvoḥ) सिन्धुषु (síndhuṣu)
    vocative सिन्धो (síndho) सिन्धू (síndhū) सिन्धवः (síndhavaḥ)
    • ¹Vedic
    Feminine u-stem declension of सिन्धु
    singular dual plural
    nominative सिन्धुः (síndhuḥ) सिन्धू (síndhū) सिन्धवः (síndhavaḥ)
    accusative सिन्धुम् (síndhum) सिन्धू (síndhū) सिन्धूः (síndhūḥ)
    instrumental सिन्ध्वा (síndhvā) सिन्धुभ्याम् (síndhubhyām) सिन्धुभिः (síndhubhiḥ)
    dative सिन्धवे (síndhave)
    सिन्ध्वै¹ (síndhvai¹)
    सिन्धुभ्याम् (síndhubhyām) सिन्धुभ्यः (síndhubhyaḥ)
    ablative सिन्धोः (síndhoḥ)
    सिन्ध्वाः¹ (síndhvāḥ¹)
    सिन्ध्वै² (síndhvai²)
    सिन्धुभ्याम् (síndhubhyām) सिन्धुभ्यः (síndhubhyaḥ)
    genitive सिन्धोः (síndhoḥ)
    सिन्ध्वाः¹ (síndhvāḥ¹)
    सिन्ध्वै² (síndhvai²)
    सिन्ध्वोः (síndhvoḥ) सिन्धूनाम् (síndhūnām)
    locative सिन्धौ (síndhau)
    सिन्ध्वाम्¹ (síndhvām¹)
    सिन्ध्वोः (síndhvoḥ) सिन्धुषु (síndhuṣu)
    vocative सिन्धो (síndho) सिन्धू (síndhū) सिन्धवः (síndhavaḥ)
    • ¹Later Sanskrit
    • ²Brāhmaṇas

    Derived terms

    Descendants

    (see there for further descendants)

    References