हस्त

Sanskrit

FWOTD – 28 December 2022

Alternative scripts

হস্ত (Assamese script)
ᬳᬲ᭄ᬢ (Balinese script)
হস্ত (Bengali script)
𑰮𑰭𑰿𑰝 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀢 (Brahmi script)
ဟသ္တ (Burmese script)
હસ્ત (Gujarati script)
ਹਸ੍ਤ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌹𑌸𑍍𑌤 (Grantha script)
ꦲꦱ꧀ꦠ (Javanese script)
𑂯𑂮𑂹𑂞 (Kaithi script)
ಹಸ್ತ (Kannada script)
ហស្ត (Khmer script)
ຫສ຺ຕ (Lao script)
ഹസ്ത (Malayalam script)
ᡥᠠᠰ᠌ᢠᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘮𑘭𑘿𑘝 (Modi script)
ᠾᠠᠰᢐᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑧎𑧍𑧠𑦽 (Nandinagari script)
𑐴𑐳𑑂𑐟 (Newa script)
ହସ୍ତ (Odia script)
ꢲꢱ꣄ꢡ (Saurashtra script)
𑆲𑆱𑇀𑆠 (Sharada script)
𑖮𑖭𑖿𑖝 (Siddham script)
හස‍්ත (Sinhalese script)
𑪂𑪁 𑪙𑩫 (Soyombo script)
𑚩𑚨𑚶𑚙 (Takri script)
ஹஸ்த (Tamil script)
హస్త (Telugu script)
หสฺต (Thai script)
ཧ་སྟ (Tibetan script)
𑒯𑒮𑓂𑒞 (Tirhuta script)
𑨱𑨰𑩇𑨙 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰós-tos

Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰástas

Sanskrit हस्त (hasta)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰástas, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰós-tos.

Cognate with Old Persian 𐎭𐎿𐎫 (d-s-t /⁠dasta⁠/) (whence modern Persian (dast)), Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬀 (zasta, “hand”), Ancient Greek χείρ (kheír, “hand”), Latin hir (“hand”).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɦɐ́s.tɐ/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɦɐs̪.t̪ɐ/

Noun

हस्त • (hásta) stem, m

the hand
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 2.33.7:
  क्व स्य ते रुद्र मृळयाकुर्हस्तो यो अस्ति भेषजो जलाषः ।
  kva sya te rudra mṛḷayākurhasto yo asti bheṣajo jalāṣaḥ.
  O Rudra, where is that gracious hand of thine, that giveth health and bringeth comfort?
an elephant's trunk
the forearm (a measure of length from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger)
(astronomy) the 11th (13th) lunar asterism (represented by a hand and containing five stars, identified by some with part of the constellation Corvus)
(prosody) an anapest

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of हस्त (hásta)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	हस्तः hástaḥ	हस्तौ / हस्ता¹ hástau / hástā¹	हस्ताः / हस्तासः¹ hástāḥ / hástāsaḥ¹
Vocative	हस्त hásta	हस्तौ / हस्ता¹ hástau / hástā¹	हस्ताः / हस्तासः¹ hástāḥ / hástāsaḥ¹
Accusative	हस्तम् hástam	हस्तौ / हस्ता¹ hástau / hástā¹	हस्तान् hástān
Instrumental	हस्तेन hástena	हस्ताभ्याम् hástābhyām	हस्तैः / हस्तेभिः¹ hástaiḥ / hástebhiḥ¹
Dative	हस्ताय hástāya	हस्ताभ्याम् hástābhyām	हस्तेभ्यः hástebhyaḥ
Ablative	हस्तात् hástāt	हस्ताभ्याम् hástābhyām	हस्तेभ्यः hástebhyaḥ
Genitive	हस्तस्य hástasya	हस्तयोः hástayoḥ	हस्तानाम् hástānām
Locative	हस्ते háste	हस्तयोः hástayoḥ	हस्तेषु hásteṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

Dardic:
- Kashmiri: اَتھٕ (athụ)
- Khowar: ہوست (host)
Helu Prakrit:
- Dhivehi: އަތް (at̊), އަތްތިލަ (at̊tila)
- Sinhalese: අත (ata)
Prakrit: 𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣 (hattha)
- Central Indo-Aryan:
  - Old Gujarati: हाथ (hātha)
    - Gujarati: હાથ (hāth)
    - Malvi: हात (hāt)
    - Nimadi: हाथ (hāth)
  - Hindustani: hāth
    - Hindi: हाथ
    - Urdu: ہاتھ (hāth)
  - Romani: vast
- Eastern Indo-Aryan:
  - Awadhi: हाँथ (hā̃th)
  - Early Assamese: হাথ (hatho)
    - Assamese: হাত (hat)
  - Old Bengali: হাথ (hātha)
    - Bengali: হাত (hat)
    - Chakma: 𑄦𑄖𑄴 (hāt)
    - Rohingya: hát
    - Sylheti: ꠀꠔ (at)
  - Bihari:
    - Bhojpuri: हाथ (hāth)
    - Maithili: हाथ (hāth)
  - Odia: ହାତ (hāta)
- Insular Indo-Aryan:
  - Dhivehi: އަތް (at̊), އަތްތިލަ (at̊tila)
  - Sinhalese: අත (ata)
- Northern Indo-Aryan:
  - Garhwali: हाथ (hāth)
  - Nepali: हात (hāt)
- Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
  - Kachchi: હથ (hath)
  - Punjabi: hatth
    Gurmukhi script: ਹੱਥ
    Shahmukhi script: ہَتھّ
  - Sindhi:
    Arabic script: هَٿُ
    Devanagari script: हथु
- Southern Indo-Aryan:
  - Konkani: hāt
    - Devanagari script: हात
    - Kannada script: ಹಾತ್
    - Latin script: hat
  - Old Marathi: hatha, hāṭa, hāta, hātha
    - Modi script: 𑘮𑘞, 𑘮𑘰𑘘, 𑘮𑘰𑘝, 𑘮𑘰𑘞
    - Devanagari script: हथ, हाट, हात, हाथ
      - Marathi: हात (hāt)
Pali: hattha
- → Khmer: ហត្ថ (hat)
- → Thai: หัตถ์
→ Hindi: हस्त (hast)
→ Kannada: ಹಸ್ತ (hasta)
→ Malay: hasta
- Indonesian: hasta
→ Malayalam: ഹസ്തം (hastaṁ)
→ Old Javanese: hasta
- Javanese: ꦲꦱ꧀ꦠ (asta)
- → Balinese: ᬳᬲ᭄ᬢ (asta, “hand”)
→ Old Marathi:
Modi script: 𑘮𑘭𑘿𑘝 (hasta)

Devanagari script: हस्त (hasta)
- → Marathi: हस्त (hasta)
→ Tamil: அஸ்தம் (astam), அத்தம் (attam)
→ Telugu: హస్తము (hastamu)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “हस्त”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1294.
Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “हस्त”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “हस्त”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 812
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “hásta”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press