ἐσχάρα

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Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

Etymology

Beekes points out the absence of cognates in other Indo-European languages and considers the word to be of Pre-Greek origin.[1]

Some have pointed out the similarity to Gothic 𐌰𐌶𐌲𐍉 (azgō), itself derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eHs- (“to dry, burn, glow; hearth, ashes”), or a combination of this root and *dʰegʷʰ- (“to burn”).[2] The root *h₂eHs- is known for its enlargements, be they dental or velar, as in Ancient Greek ἄζω (ázō) and ἄσβολος (ásbolos).

According to Gamkrelidze and Ivanov, a Kartvelian borrowing. Compare Proto-Kartvelian *c₁x- (“burn, give off heat”), whence Georgian სიცხე (sicxe), Mingrelian ჩხე (čxe), Laz ჩხე (çxe) and Svan root შხ- (šx-, “burn, set fire”). The initial ἐ- (e-) of the Greek form is a prothetic vowel.[3]

Parvulescu relates Ancient Greek χαρά (khará), thus *" in gratitude", replacing ἑστίᾱ (hestíā, “fireplace, altar”) in Homer.[4]

Pronunciation

 

Noun

ἐσχάρᾱ • (eskhárā) f (genitive ἐσχάρᾱς); first declension

  1. hearth
    1. sacrificing hearth
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 14.418–420:
        ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας κέασε ξύλα νηλέϊ χαλκῷ· οἱ δ' ὗν εἰσῆγον μάλα πίονα πενταέτηρον. τὸν μὲν ἔπειτ' ἔστησαν ἐπ' ἐσχάρῃ
        hṑs ára phōnḗsas kéase xúla nēléï khalkôi; hoi d’ hûn eisêgon mála píona pentaétēron. tòn mèn épeit’ éstēsan ep’ eskhárēi [...]
        • 1900 translation by Samuel Butler
          On this he began chopping firewood, while the others brought in a fine fat five year old boar pig, and set it at the altar.
  2. house
  3. (figuratively) platform, stand

Inflection

First declension of ἡ ἐσχάρᾱ; τῆς ἐσχάρᾱς (Attic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ἡ ἐσχάρᾱ
hē eskhárā 		τὼ ἐσχάρᾱ
tṑ eskhárā 		αἱ ἐσχάραι
hai eskhárai
Genitive τῆς ἐσχάρᾱς
tês eskhárās 		τοῖν ἐσχάραιν
toîn eskhárain 		τῶν ἐσχαρῶν
tôn eskharôn
Dative τῇ ἐσχάρᾳ
têi eskhárāi 		τοῖν ἐσχάραιν
toîn eskhárain 		ταῖς ἐσχάραις
taîs eskhárais
Accusative τὴν ἐσχάρᾱν
tḕn eskhárān 		τὼ ἐσχάρᾱ
tṑ eskhárā 		τᾱ̀ς ἐσχάρᾱς
tā̀s eskhárās
Vocative ἐσχάρᾱ
eskhárā 		ἐσχάρᾱ
eskhárā 		ἐσχάραι
eskhárai
Notes:

Derived terms

Descendants

  • French: eschare
  • Latin: eschara

References

  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 472
  2. ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*askōn-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 38
  3. ^ Gamkrelidze, Th. V., Ivanov, V. V. (1995) Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans. A Reconstruction and Historical Analysis of a Proto-Language and Proto-Culture. Part I: The Text (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 80), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 800
  4. ^ Parvulescu, Adrian (2009) "Gk. έσχάρα “(sacrificial) brazier, hearth”" in Indogermanische Forschungen, vol. 114, pp. 132-136. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110209006.132
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