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Appears to be suffixed/extended from the root *h₂eh₁- as found in Palaic(hāri), (hānta, “to heat up”, intransitive), Proto-Celtic*ā-tis(“furnace, oven”) and PIE *h₂éh₁-tēr(“fire”); see also *h₂eh₃-(“to burn, be hot”). Alternatively from *h₂ed-s- with dissimilation; see reconstruction notes.
The long-vowel forms reflecting *ās- < *HaHs- have been explained as taken from a reduplicated perfect *h₂e-h₂s-, thus *h₂es- could be original, nicely explaining the short vowels. However, the morphological motivation for deriving nouns from such a stem *h₂e-h₂s- is unclear (but cf. *kʷé-kʷl-os, *bʰé-bʰr-us).
On the other hand, Kloekhorst argues that Hittite𒄩𒀀𒀸(ḫāš, “ash”), 𒄩𒀸𒊭𒀀𒀸(ḫāššāš, “fireplace, hearth”) (and therefore also Old Latināsa(“altar”) and cognates) can only reflect *h₂eh₁s-. Beekes interprets this *h₂eh₁s- as dissimilated regularly from *h₂ed-s- in pre-PIE, from the root *h₂ed- as found in Hittite 𒄩𒀀𒋾(ḫāti). To this root, he and Puhvel add Ancient Greekἄζω(ázō), and Kroonen adds Proto-Germanic*azgǭ.
>? Proto-Germanic: *askǭ(“ash, ashes”)(or from *h₂ed-dʰgʷʰ-?) (see there for further descendants)
Hellenic:
>? Ancient Greek: ἄσβολος(ásbolos, “soot”), ἀσβόλη(asbólē)
→? Proto-Finnic: *kaski(“swidden”) (see there for further descendants)
References
↑ 1.01.11.2De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 49, 53, 58f
↑ 3.03.1Lubotsky A. M. (1985) “The PIE word for ‘dry’”, in ZVS, volume 98, pages 1–10
↑ 4.04.14.2Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 53–54
↑ 8.08.1Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “ḫāšš-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 318–319: “PIE *h₂éh₁s-s, *h₂éh₁s-m, h₂h₁s-ós”
↑ 9.09.1Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “ḫāššā-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 322–323
↑ 10.010.1Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἄζω 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 26–27
↑ 11.011.1Puhvel, Jaan (1991) Hittite Etymological Dictionary (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 5), volume 3, Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 274f
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “astare”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 36-37
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “ās-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 63