ὦμος

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃émōs. Cognates include Sanskrit अंस (áṃsa), Latin umerus, Old Armenian ուս (us), and Gothic 𐌰𐌼𐍃 (ams).

ὦμος • (ômos) m (genitive ὤμου); second declension

1. shoulder with the upper arm; also of an animal
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.146:

      , τὸν δ᾽ ἕτερον ξίφεϊ μεγάλῳ κληῗδα παρ᾽ ὦμον πλῆξ᾽, ἀπὸ δ᾽ αὐχένος ὦμον ἐέργαθεν ἠδ᾽ ἀπὸ νώτου.

      , the other with his long sword on the collarbone, shearing the shoulder from the neck and spine.

   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.106:

     "ἐγὼ τήνδε τὴν χώρην ὤμοισι τοῖσι ἐμοῖσι ἐκτησάμην."

     "egṑ tḗnde tḕn khṓrēn ṓmoisi toîsi emoîsi ektēsámēn."

     "I myself won this land with the strength of my shoulders."

   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 15.267:

      · ὑψοῦ δὲ κάρη ἔχει, ἀμφὶ δὲ χαῖται ὤμοις ἀΐσσονται·

      […]; hupsoû dè kárē ékhei, amphì dè khaîtai ṓmois aḯssontai; […]

      , tossing his head while his mane streams over his shoulders,

   • 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, The Shield of Heracles 430:

      · γλαυκιόων δ᾽ ὄσσοις δεινὸν πλευράς τε καὶ ὤμους οὐρῇ μαστιόων ποσσὶν γλάφει,

     his eyes glare fiercely, while he tears up the earth with his paws and lashes his flanks and shoulders with his tail

   1. (particularly) shoulder (sometimes in contrast to the arm)

      Synonyms: πρῠμνὸς ὦμος (prumnòs ômos), πρῠμνότᾰτος (prumnótatos)

      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 15.341:

        Δηΐοχον δὲ Πάρις βάλε νείατον ὦμον ὄπισθε φεύγοντ᾽ ἐν προμάχοισι, διὰ πρὸ δὲ χαλκὸν ἔλασσεν.

        Deiochus fled with the other leaders, but Paris struck him from behind at the base of the shoulder, and drove the bronze clean through.

      • 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Theogony 150:

        τῶν ἑκατὸν μὲν χεῖρες ἀπ᾽ ὤμων ἀίσσοντο, ἄπλαστοι, κεφαλαὶ δὲ ἑκάστῳ πεντήκοντα ἐξ ὤμων ἐπέφυκον ἐπὶ στιβαροῖσι μέλεσσιν·

        From their shoulders sprang a hundred arms, not to be approached, and fifty heads grew from the shoulders upon the strong limbs of each,

   2. shoulder of a dress
      • 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Exodus 28.12:

        καὶ θήσεις τοὺς δύο λίθους ἐπὶ τῶν ὤμων τῆς ἐπωμίδος·

        kaì thḗseis toùs dúo líthous epì tôn ṓmōn tês epōmídos; […]

        And you shall set the two stones on the shoulders of the shoulder-strap.

2. (figurative) parts below the top or head of anything, especially of the fork of a vine

• ⇒ English: omo-
• Greek: ώμος (ómos)
• ⇒ New Latin: ōmohȳoīdēs, ōmohȳoīdeus

• ὠλένη (ōlénē)

• “ὦμος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ὦμος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ὦμος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ὦμος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• ὦμος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “ὦμος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G5606 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • shoulder idem, page 769.
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN