⠴

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⠴ U+2834, ⠴
BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-356
← ⠳
 		Braille Patterns ⠵ →

Translingual

A character of the braille script, originally used as a closing quotation mark. Some alphabets use it for a variant of j because it is a lowered version of the braille letter ⠚ j.

Etymology

More information

Invented by Louis Braille, braille cells were arranged in numerical order and assigned to the letters of the French alphabet. Most braille alphabets follow this assignment for the 26 letters of the basic Latin alphabet or, in non-Latin scripts, for the transliterations of those letters. In such alphabets, the first ten braille letters (the first decade: ⠁⠃⠉⠙⠑⠋⠛⠓⠊⠚) are assigned to the Latin letters A to J and to the digits 1 to 9 and 0. (Apart from '2', the even digits all have three dots: ⠃⠙⠋⠓⠚.)

The letters of the first decade are those cells with at least one dot in the top row and at least one in the left column, but none in the bottom row. The next decade repeat the pattern with the addition of a dot at the lower left, the third decade with two dots in the bottom row, and the fourth with a dot on the bottom right. The fifth decade is like the first, but shifted downward one row. The first decade is supplemented by the two characters with dots in the right column and none in the bottom row, and that supplement is propagated to the other decades using the generation rules above. Finally, there are four characters with no dots in the top two rows. Many languages that use braille letters beyond the 26 of the basic Latin alphabet follow an approximation of the English or French values for additional letters.

Punctuation mark

⠴

  1. (German Braille) “ (closing quotation mark)

Letter

⠴

  1. (IPA Braille) Modifies the following letter; equivalent to a cross-bar in print IPA:
    ⠴⠊ ɨ, ⠴⠕ ɵ, ⠴⠥ ʉ
Non-Latin transliteration
  1. (Ethiopic Braille) ዥ (žᵊ)
  2. (Bharati Braille) झ (jha)
  3. (Tibetan Braille) subscript ཡ (ya) (see ⠚)
  4. (Thai Braille) the virama ◌์
  5. (Cantonese Braille) The rime ing

Symbol

⠴

  1. (music) minor sixth.

See also

Braille script navigation
⠀   ⠁   ⠂   ⠄   ⠈   ⠐   ⠠
⠃   ⠅   ⠆   ⠘   ⠨   ⠰   ⠉   ⠒   ⠤   ⠑   ⠡   ⠢   ⠊   ⠌   ⠔
⠇   ⠸   ⠪   ⠕   ⠣   ⠜   ⠎   ⠱   ⠋   ⠍   ⠖   ⠙   ⠩   ⠲   ⠓   ⠥   ⠦   ⠚   ⠬   ⠴
⠏   ⠹   ⠧   ⠼   ⠫   ⠝   ⠮   ⠵   ⠺   ⠗   ⠞   ⠳   ⠛   ⠭   ⠶
⠟   ⠻   ⠷   ⠾   ⠯   ⠽   ⠿
  • Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠴⟩:    ⡴   ⢴   ⣴

English

Punctuation mark

⠴ (”)

  1. The closing outer quotation mark (” in the US, ’ in the UK)

Derived terms

⠴⠄ (closing inner quotation mark)
⠴⠆ (closing guillemet)

Prefix

⠴

  1. by

Usage notes

  • This is used for the independent English word by, but in braille it joins with the following word as an orthographic prefix. It is not used otherwise for the letter sequence b-y.
  • Because this cell does not have dots in the top row, it is not used where it would contact a punctuation mark. (This is not ordinarily an issue because it's only written prefixed to another word.)
  • Abolished in Unified English Braille.

Contraction

⠴

  1. was

Usage notes

  • This is used for the independent word was and where the word was is set off with an apostrophe or hyphen. It is not used otherwise for the letter sequence w-a-s.
  • Because this cell does not have dots in the top row, its use for was could be confused with punctuation and therefore it is not used where it would contact a punctuation mark, such as at the end of a sentence but also in hyphenated words.
  • Spacing from the following word distinguishes it from by.

French

Punctuation mark

⠴

  1. The closing parenthesis, ⟨)⟩.
  2. (archaic) The closing quotation mark, ⟨»⟩.

Contraction

⠴

  1. The independent word sous.
  2. The letter sequence tr .
  3. The letter sequence trans- .

Usage notes

  • The sequence tr may appear anywhere in its word, as long as it is followed by a vowel letter.
  • The sequence trans- must appear at the beginning of its word, and must be followed by a consonant letter.

Japanese

Syllable

⠴ (romaji n)

  1. The hiragana syllable ん (n) or the katakana syllable ン (n) in Japanese braille.

Korean

Letter

⠴ • (-h)

  1. Syllable-final ㅎ (h)

Coordinate terms

  • Syllable-initial ⠚.

Punctuation mark

⠴ • (”)

  1. the closing quotation mark, ⟨”⟩

Symbol

⠴

  1. Marks the following text as being Latin script. The following text is limited to the 26 letters and capitalization marker ⠠ of basic English Braille.

Luxembourgish

Punctuation mark

⠴

  1. The closing parenthesis ).

Mandarin

Letter

⠴

  1. (Mainland Braille) The rime en
  2. (Taiwan Braille) The rime ei
  3. (Two-Cell Braille) The onset ru-


Braille script navigation
⠀   ⠁   ⠂   ⠄   ⠈   ⠐   ⠠
⠃   ⠅   ⠆   ⠘   ⠨   ⠰   ⠉   ⠒   ⠤   ⠑   ⠡   ⠢   ⠊   ⠌   ⠔
⠇   ⠸   ⠪   ⠕   ⠣   ⠜   ⠎   ⠱   ⠋   ⠍   ⠖   ⠙   ⠩   ⠲   ⠓   ⠥   ⠦   ⠚   ⠬   ⠴
⠏   ⠹   ⠧   ⠼   ⠫   ⠝   ⠮   ⠵   ⠺   ⠗   ⠞   ⠳   ⠛   ⠭   ⠶
⠟   ⠻   ⠷   ⠾   ⠯   ⠽   ⠿
  • Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠴⟩:    ⡴   ⢴   ⣴
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