代える

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Japanese

Etymology

Kanji in this term
代
か
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese かふ (kapu), in the 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) pattern.

Development

Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.

Cognate with 変(か)える (kaeru), 替(か)える (kaeru) and 換(か)える (kaeru).

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「代える」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形) 		代える かえる
Imperative (命令形) 代えろ かえろ
Key constructions
Passive 代えられる かえられる
Causative 代えさせる かえさせる
Potential 代えられる かえられる
Volitional 代えよう かえよー
Negative 代えない かえない
Negative perfective 代えなかった かえなかった
Formal 代えます かえます
Perfective 代えた かえた
Conjunctive 代えて かえて
Hypothetical conditional 代えれば かえれば

Verb

代(か)える • (kaeru) ←かへる (kaferu)?transitive ichidan (stem 代(か)え (kae), past 代(か)えた (kaeta))

Japanese verb pair
active 代える
mediopassive 代わる
  1. substitute, use in place of, replace with, replace something with another
    B(ビー)さんをA(エー)さんに代(か)える
    bī-san o ē-san ni kaeru
    Substitute Mr. A for Mr. B

Conjugation

Conjugation of "代える" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 代え かえ kae
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 代え かえ kae
Shūshikei ("terminal") 代える かえる kaeru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 代える かえる kaeru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 代えれ かえれ kaere
Meireikei ("imperative") 代えよ¹
代えろ² 		かえよ¹
かえろ² 		kaeyo¹
kaero²
Key constructions
Passive 代えられる かえられる kaerareru
Causative 代えさせる
代えさす 		かえさせる
かえさす 		kaesaseru
kaesasu
Potential 代えられる
代えれる³ 		かえられる
かえれる³ 		kaerareru
kaereru³
Volitional 代えよう かえよう kaeyō
Negative 代えない
代えぬ
代えん 		かえない
かえぬ
かえん 		kaenai
kaenu
kaen
Negative continuative 代えず かえず kaezu
Formal 代えます かえます kaemasu
Perfective 代えた かえた kaeta
Conjunctive 代えて かえて kaete
Hypothetical conditional 代えれば かえれば kaereba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
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