冷える

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
冷
ひ
Grade: 4
kun'yomi

Etymology

From the classical verb 冷ゆ (hiyu).

Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「冷える」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形) 		冷える ひえる
Imperative (命令形) 冷えろ ひえろ
Key constructions
Passive 冷えられる ひえられる
Causative 冷えさせる ひえさせる
Potential - - -
Volitional 冷えよう ひえよー
Negative 冷えない ひえない
Negative perfective 冷えなかった ひえなかった
Formal 冷えます ひえます
Perfective 冷えた ひえた
Conjunctive 冷えて ひえて
Hypothetical conditional 冷えれば ひえれば

Verb

冷(ひ)える • (hieru) intransitive ichidan (stem 冷(ひ)え (hie), past 冷(ひ)えた (hieta))

Japanese verb pair
active 冷やす
mediopassive 冷える
  1. to become cold, cool down

Conjugation

Conjugation of "冷える" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 冷え ひえ hie
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 冷え ひえ hie
Shūshikei ("terminal") 冷える ひえる hieru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 冷える ひえる hieru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 冷えれ ひえれ hiere
Meireikei ("imperative") 冷えよ¹
冷えろ² 		ひえよ¹
ひえろ² 		hieyo¹
hiero²
Key constructions
Passive 冷えられる ひえられる hierareru
Causative 冷えさせる
冷えさす 		ひえさせる
ひえさす 		hiesaseru
hiesasu
Potential 冷えられる
冷えれる³ 		ひえられる
ひえれる³ 		hierareru
hiereru³
Volitional 冷えよう ひえよう hieyō
Negative 冷えない
冷えぬ
冷えん 		ひえない
ひえぬ
ひえん 		hienai
hienu
hien
Negative continuative 冷えず ひえず hiezu
Formal 冷えます ひえます hiemasu
Perfective 冷えた ひえた hieta
Conjunctive 冷えて ひえて hiete
Hypothetical conditional 冷えれば ひえれば hiereba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  3. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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