冷たい

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Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
つめ
Grade: 4
kun’yomi

Compound of (tsume, claw) +‎ 痛い (itai, painful), with the medial /-i-/ falling out.

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of "冷たい"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形) 冷たく めたく
Terminal (終止形) 冷たい めたい
めた

Attributive (連体形) 冷たい めたい
Key constructions
Informal negative 冷たくない めたくな
Informal past 冷たかった めたかった
Informal negative past 冷たくなかった めたくなかった
Formal 冷たいです めたいです
Conjunctive 冷たくて めたくて
Conditional 冷たければ めたければ

Adjective

(つめ)たい (tsumetai-i (adverbial (つめ)たく (tsumetaku))

  1. (of an object) cold
  2. cold (unfriendly)
    (こころ)(つめ)たい(ひと)
    kokoro ga tsumetai hito
    cold-hearted person
Inflection
Antonyms
Coordinate terms
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
Grade: 4
irregular

Shift from tsumetai above.

First attested in at least 1889.

Pronunciation

Adjective

(つべ)たい (tsubetai-i (adverbial (つべ)たく (tsubetaku))

  1. (of an object) cold
  2. cold (unfriendly)
Inflection

References

  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Samuel E. Martin (1987) The Japanese Language Through Time, New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN
  4. ^ 冷たい/つめたい - Gogen Yurai Jiten (in Japanese)
  5. ^ ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000
  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.