寒い

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
寒
さむ Grade: 3
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) さむい (Nakadaka – )^[1]
IPA^(key):

Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of 「寒い」

Stem forms
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Continuative (連用形)	寒く	さむくさむく
Terminal (終止形)	寒い	さむい
Attributive (連体形)	寒い	さむい
Key constructions
Informal negative	寒くない	さむくないさむくない
Informal past	寒かった	さむかったさむかった
Informal negative past	寒くなかった	さむくなかったさむくなかった
Formal	寒いです	さむいです
Conjunctive	寒くて	さむくてさむくて
Conditional	寒ければ	さむければさむければ

Adjective

寒(さむ)い • (samui) -i (adverbial 寒(さむ)く (samuku))

cold (ambient temperature, as a winter day is cold)
今日(きょう)は寒(さむ)い。
Kyō wa samui.
It is cold today.
(figuratively) fearful
背筋(せすじ)が寒(さむ)くなる
sesuji ga samuku naru
a chill runs down one's spine
(of a joke) terrible; not funny

Inflection

Inflection of 寒い

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	寒かろ	さむかろ	samukaro
Continuative (連用形)	寒く	さむく	samuku
Terminal (終止形)	寒い	さむい	samui
Attributive (連体形)	寒い	さむい	samui
Hypothetical (仮定形)	寒けれ	さむけれ	samukere
Imperative (命令形)	寒かれ	さむかれ	samukare
Key constructions
Informal negative	寒くない	さむくない	samuku nai
Informal past	寒かった	さむかった	samukatta
Informal negative past	寒くなかった	さむくなかった	samuku nakatta
Formal	寒いです	さむいです	samui desu
Formal negative	寒くないです	さむくないです	samuku nai desu
Formal past	寒かったです	さむかったです	samukatta desu
Formal negative past	寒くなかったです	さむくなかったです	samuku nakatta desu
Conjunctive	寒くて	さむくて	samukute
Conditional	寒ければ	さむければ	samukereba
Provisional	寒かったら	さむかったら	samukattara
Volitional	寒かろう	さむかろう	samukarō
Adverbial	寒く	さむく	samuku
Degree	寒さ	さむさ	samusa

Antonyms

暑(あつ)い (atsui): hot (of the weather)

Coordinate terms

暑(あつ)い (atsui): hot (of the weather)
暖(あたた)かい (atatakai): warm (of the weather)
涼(すず)しい (suzushii): cool (of the weather)
冷(つめ)たい (tsumetai): cold or cool (of an object)

See also

(of a joke: terrible): 滑(すべ)る (suberu)

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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