失う

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
失
うしな
Grade: 4
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings
喪う
失ウ

Etymology

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “From classical yodan(四段活用) verb 失(うしな)ふ (ushinafu), formed from うし (ushi, possibly related to 失(う)せる (useru) or 薄(うす)い (usui)) + なふ (nafu, verb-forming suffix).”

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「失う」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形) 		失う うしなう
Imperative (命令形) 失え うしなえ
Key constructions
Passive 失われる うしなわれる
Causative 失わせる うしなわせる
Potential 失える うしなえる
Volitional 失おう うしなおー
Negative 失わない うしなわない
Negative perfective 失わなかった うしなわなかった
Formal 失います うしないます
Perfective 失った うしなった
Conjunctive 失って うしなって
Hypothetical conditional 失えば うしなえば

Verb

失(うしな)う • (ushinau) ←うしなふ (usinafu)?transitive godan (stem 失(うしな)い (ushinai), past 失(うしな)った (ushinatta))

  1. to lose (possession of something)
    自(じ)信(しん)を失(うしな)う
    jishin o ushinau
    lose confidence
    • 1945 August 14th, the Shōwa Emperor [昭和天皇], 「大東亞戰爭終結ノ詔書」 , paragraph 5, sentence 2:
      若(モ)シ夫(ソ)レ情(ジヤウ)ノ激(ゲキ)スル所(トコロ)濫(ミダリ)ニ事(ジ)端(タン)ヲ滋(シゲ)クシ或(アルイ)ハ同(ドウ)胞(ハウ)排(ハイ)擠(セイ)互(タガヒ)ニ時(ジ)局(キョク)ヲ亂(ミダ)リ爲(タメ)ニ大(ダイ)道(ドウ)ヲ誤(アヤマ)リ信(シン)義(ギ)ヲ世(セ)界(カイ)ニ失(ウシナ)フカ如(ゴト)キハ朕(チン)最(モット)モ之(コレ)ヲ戒(イマシ)ム
      Moshi sore zyau no geki suru tokoro midari ni jitan wo shige kushi arui wa doufau faisei tagafi ni jikyoku wo midari tame ni daidou wo ayamari shingi wo sekai ni usinafu ka gotoki wa Tin mottomo kore wo imashimu
      Beware most strictly of any outbursts of emotion which may endanger needless complications, or any fraternal contention and strife which may create confusion, lead ye astray and cause ye to lose the confidence of the world.
       1945 translation by Tadaichi Hirakawa [平川唯一]
  2. to miss an opportunity etc.
    学(まな)ぶ機(き)会(かい)を失(うしな)う
    manabu kikai o ushinau
    miss the chance to learn something
  3. to lose a person (following their death), be bereaved of someone
    夫(おっと)を失(うしな)う
    otto o ushinau
    lose one's husband

Conjugation

Conjugation of "失う" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 失わ うしなわ ushinawa
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 失い うしない ushinai
Shūshikei ("terminal") 失う うしなう ushinau
Rentaikei ("attributive") 失う うしなう ushinau
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 失え うしなえ ushinae
Meireikei ("imperative") 失え うしなえ ushinae
Key constructions
Passive 失われる うしなわれる ushinawareru
Causative 失わせる
失わす 		うしなわせる
うしなわす 		ushinawaseru
ushinawasu
Potential 失える うしなえる ushinaeru
Volitional 失おう うしなおう ushinaō
Negative 失わない うしなわない ushinawanai
Negative continuative 失わず うしなわず ushinawazu
Formal 失います うしないます ushinaimasu
Perfective 失った うしなった ushinatta
Conjunctive 失って うしなって ushinatte
Hypothetical conditional 失えば うしなえば ushinaeba

Synonyms

Antonyms

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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