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拒む. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
拒む, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
拒む in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
拒む you have here. The definition of the word
拒む will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
拒む, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
Japanese
Etymology
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1]
According to Samuel Martin, appears to be a fusion of kopa-, the stem of adjective 強し (kopasi, “stiff, hard”) + 阻む (habamu, “to obstruct, prevent, thwart”).[2] However, the term habamu is not attested until 830,[3] while related intransitive term 憚る (habakaru, “to be put off, to be deterred, to hesitate”) is attested since 720.[4]
Pronunciation
Verb
拒む • (kobamu) godan (stem 拒み (kobami), past 拒んだ (kobanda))
- to refuse (to do) something, to reject something
- Synonyms: 断る (kotowaru), 否む (inamu)
- Antonyms: 受け取る (uketoru), 受け入れる (ukeireru), 認める (mitomeru)
- to block or obstruct
- Synonyms: 妨げる (samatageru), 防ぐ (fusegu), 阻む (habamu)
Conjugation
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective")
|
拒ま
|
こばま
|
kobama
|
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative")
|
拒み
|
こばみ
|
kobami
|
| Shūshikei ("terminal")
|
拒む
|
こばむ
|
kobamu
|
| Rentaikei ("attributive")
|
拒む
|
こばむ
|
kobamu
|
| Kateikei ("hypothetical")
|
拒め
|
こばめ
|
kobame
|
| Meireikei ("imperative")
|
拒め
|
こばめ
|
kobame
|
| Key constructions
|
| Passive
|
拒まれる
|
こばまれる
|
kobamareru
|
| Causative
|
拒ませる
拒ます
|
こばませる
こばます
|
kobamaseru
kobamasu
|
| Potential
|
拒める
|
こばめる
|
kobameru
|
| Volitional
|
拒もう
|
こばもう
|
kobamō
|
| Negative
|
拒まない
|
こばまない
|
kobamanai
|
| Negative continuative
|
拒まず
|
こばまず
|
kobamazu
|
| Formal
|
拒みます
|
こばみます
|
kobamimasu
|
| Perfective
|
拒んだ
|
こばんだ
|
kobanda
|
| Conjunctive
|
拒んで
|
こばんで
|
kobande
|
| Hypothetical conditional
|
拒めば
|
こばめば
|
kobameba
|
References
- ^ “拒”, in 日本国語大辞典 (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- ^ Samuel E. Martin (1987) The Japanese Language Through Time, New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 710
- ^ “阻・沮”, in 日本国語大辞典 (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- ^ “憚”, in 日本国語大辞典 (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN