昆布
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昆布 • (konbu) : kombu.
Chinese
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄣ ㄅㄨˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: kunbù
- Wade–Giles: kʻun1-pu4
- Yale: kwūn-bù
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuenbuh
- Palladius: куньбу (kunʹbu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰu̯ən⁵⁵ pu⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: kwan1 bou3
- Yale: kwān bou
- Cantonese Pinyin: kwan1 bou3
- Guangdong Romanization: kuen1 bou3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʷʰɐn⁵⁵ pou̯³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khun-pò͘
- Tâi-lô: khun-pòo
- Phofsit Daibuun: qunpox
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰun⁴⁴⁻²² pɔ²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Middle Chinese: kwon puH
Etymology 1
| phonetic | to declare; to announce; to spread to declare; to announce; to spread; to make known; spread; (cotton) cloth | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (昆布) | 昆 | 布 | |
| simp. #(昆布) | 昆 | 布 | |
| alternative forms | 綸布／纶布 | ||
From earlier 綸布 (OC *kruːn paːs, “green ribbon + cloth”), due to the resemblance in appearance (Erya).
Noun
昆布
- (often in traditional Chinese medicine) seaweed; kelp; laminara; ecklonia
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 海帶 (“kelp; seaweed (Saccharina japonica)”)
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 海帶, 昆布 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 海帶 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 海帶 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 海帶 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 海帶, 海菜 |
| Wanrong | 海帶 | |
| Xi'an | 海帶 | |
| Xining | 海帶 | |
| Xuzhou | 海帶 | |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 海帶 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 帶皮, 海帶 |
| Wuhan | 海帶 | |
| Guiyang | 海帶 | |
| Liuzhou | 海帶 | |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 海帶 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 海帶 |
| Hong Kong | 昆布, 海帶 | |
| Dongguan | 海帶 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 海帶 |
| Lichuan | 海帶 | |
| Pingxiang | 海帶 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 帶皮, 海帶 |
| Yudu | 海帶 | |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 海帶 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 海帶 |
| Xinzhou | 海帶 | |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 海布 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 海帶 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 海帶 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 海帶 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 海帶 |
| Shanghai (Chongming) | 海帶 | |
| Suzhou | 海帶 | |
| Danyang | 海帶 | |
| Hangzhou | 海帶 | |
| Ningbo | 海帶 | |
| Wenzhou | 海帶 | |
| Jinhua | 海帶 | |
| Xiang | Loudi | 海帶 |
See also
- 海藻 (hǎizǎo)
Etymology 2
| phonetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (昆布) | 昆 | 布 | |
| simp. #(昆布) | 昆 | 布 | |
Proper noun
昆布
Synonyms
Japanese
Etymology 1
First cited to a record in the Shoku Nihongi, written 715 CE.[1]
Theories include:
- From Middle Chinese 昆布 (MC kwon puH, “seaweed, kelp”).[1]
- From Ainu,[1][2][3] possibly via Ainu コムブ (kombu, “a brown seaweed, Laminaria[4]”),[3][5] which may also be borrowed from Middle Chinese 昆布 (MC kwon puH, “seaweed, kelp”).
The early date of first citation, and the existence already in 715 of the kanji spelling 昆布, seems to make a Chinese derivation more likely. See the Wikipedia article about kombu for additional etymology details.
Cognates among the Ryukyuan languages include Kunigami 昆布 (kubū), Okinawan 昆布 (kūbu), Southern Amami Ōshima 昆布 (kubu), Miyako 昆布 (kubu), and Yaeyama 昆布 (kubu).
Pronunciation
Noun
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 昆 | 布 |
| こん Grade: S |
ふ > ぶ Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi | |
Usage notes
- As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as コンブ.
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
Noun
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 昆 | 布 |
| こ Grade: S |
ふ > ぶ Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi | |
- same as above
Derived terms
- 昆布締め (kobujime)
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 “昆布”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- ^ “昆布”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 “コンブ／昆布／こんぶ”, in 語源由来辞典 (Gogen Yurai Jiten, “Etymology Derivation Dictionary”) (in Japanese), 2003–2024.
- ^ John Batchelor (1905) An Ainu-English-Japanese dictionary (including a grammar of the Ainu language), Tokyo, London: Methodist Publishing House; Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner Co., page 236
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2020), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Eighth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN