混凝土
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Chinese
to mix; to get along; thoughtless to mix; to get along; thoughtless; confused; dirty; mix |
congeal; concentrate attention | earth; dust; rural earth; dust; rural; uncouth; uncultured; plebeian | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (混凝土) | 混 | 凝 | 土 | |
| simp. #(混凝土) | 混 | 凝 | 土 | |
Etymology
Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 混凝土 (konkurīto), in turn from English concrete.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): wan6 jing4 tou2
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hūn-gêng-thó͘ / khōng-ku-lí
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄣˋ ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: hùnníngtǔ
- Wade–Giles: hun4-ning2-tʻu3
- Yale: hwùn-níng-tǔ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huennningtuu
- Palladius: хуньнинту (xunʹnintu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xu̯ən⁵¹ niŋ³⁵ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese, variant or dialectal)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄣˇ ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: hǔnníngtǔ
- Wade–Giles: hun3-ning2-tʻu3
- Yale: hwǔn-níng-tǔ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hoenningtuu
- Palladius: хуньнинту (xunʹnintu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xu̯ən²¹⁴⁻²¹ niŋ³⁵ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: wan6 jing4 tou2
- Yale: wahn yìhng tóu
- Cantonese Pinyin: wan6 jing4 tou2
- Guangdong Romanization: wen6 ying4 tou2
- Sinological IPA (key): /wɐn²² jɪŋ²¹ tʰou̯³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hūn-gêng-thó͘
- Tâi-lô: hūn-gîng-thóo
- Phofsit Daibuun: huxn'gengtor
- IPA (Xiamen): /hun²²⁻²¹ ɡiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰɔ⁵³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /hun²²⁻²¹ ɡiɪŋ¹³⁻²² tʰɔ⁵³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /hun⁴¹⁻²² ɡiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khōng-ku-lí
- Tâi-lô: khōng-ku-lí
- Phofsit Daibuun: qoxngkulie
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɔŋ³³⁻²¹ ku⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /kʰɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ ku⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
Note: khōng-ku-lí - from Japanese pronunciation.
Noun
混凝土
- concrete (building material)
Synonyms
Related terms
- 水泥 (shuǐní)
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | ||
|---|---|---|
| 混 | 凝 | 土 |
| こん Grade: 5 (ateji) |
こり > くりー Grade: S |
と Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi | irregular | kan'on |
Etymology
Phono-semantic matching of English concrete: from 混 (kon, “to blend; to mix”) + 凝 (kori, “congealing”) + 土 (to, “dirt; soil”); coined by Isami Hiroi (広井勇).
Noun
- Alternative spelling of コンクリート