複製

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See also: 复制

Chinese

		repeat, double, overlap	manufacture
trad. (複製)		複	製
simp. (复制)		复	制

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fùzhì

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˋ ㄓˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fuk¹ zai³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hok-chè / hok-chì / ho̍k-chè

(Teochew, Peng'im): hog⁴ zi³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fùzhì
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˋ ㄓˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fùjhìh
  - Wade–Giles: fu⁴-chih⁴
  - Yale: fù-jr̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuhjyh
  - Palladius: фучжи (fučži)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: fuk¹ zai³
  - Yale: fūk jai
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fuk⁷ dzai³
  - Guangdong Romanization: fug¹ zei³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fʊk̚⁵ t͡sɐi̯³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hok-chè
  - Tâi-lô: hok-tsè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hokzex
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡se⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡se¹¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung): /hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡se²¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hok-chì
  - Tâi-lô: hok-tsì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hokcix
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡si²¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ho̍k-chè
  - Tâi-lô: ho̍k-tsè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hogzex
  - IPA (Taipei): /hɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡se¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡se²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hog⁴ zi³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hok tsì
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hok̚²⁻⁴ t͡si²¹³/

Verb

複製

to duplicate; to reproduce; to copy; to make a copy of; to clone

Derived terms

複製品 / 复制品 (fùzhìpǐn)
複製文 / 复制文 (fùzhìwén)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
複	製
ふく Grade: 5	せい Grade: 5
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ふくせー (Heiban – )^[1]
IPA^(key):

Noun

複(ふく)製(せい) • (fukusei)

duplication
replication (of DNA etc.)

Verb

複(ふく)製(せい)する • (fukusei suru) suru (stem 複(ふく)製(せい)し (fukusei shi), past 複(ふく)製(せい)した (fukusei shita))

to duplicate
to replicate

Conjugation

Conjugation of "複製する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	複製し	ふくせいし	fukusei shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	複製し	ふくせいし	fukusei shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	複製する	ふくせいする	fukusei suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	複製する	ふくせいする	fukusei suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	複製すれ	ふくせいすれ	fukusei sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	複製せよ¹ 複製しろ²	ふくせいせよ¹ ふくせいしろ²	fukusei seyo¹ fukusei shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	複製される	ふくせいされる	fukusei sareru
Causative	複製させる複製さす	ふくせいさせるふくせいさす	fukusei saseru fukusei sasu
Potential	複製できる	ふくせいできる	fukusei dekiru
Volitional	複製しよう	ふくせいしよう	fukusei shiyō
Negative	複製しない	ふくせいしない	fukusei shinai
Negative continuative	複製せず	ふくせいせず	fukusei sezu
Formal	複製します	ふくせいします	fukusei shimasu
Perfective	複製した	ふくせいした	fukusei shita
Conjunctive	複製して	ふくせいして	fukusei shite
Hypothetical conditional	複製すれば	ふくせいすれば	fukusei sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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