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Djehutinakht has spent the night as yonder Great One who fell on his side, he passes the day as the vulture which is feared, being mighty by means of what is on him (i.e. his protective amulets).
This particle is enclitic; it follows the word which it is intensifying or marking as contrafactual. It can also apply its effect to whole phrases. Often the exact nuance imparted by this particle is unclear.
Frequently this particle is found following (and thus adding emphasis to) jsk, ḥwj, m.k, or ḥꜣ, and in the Pyramid Texts it is also found in nominal sentences preceding pw. In Neo-Middle Egyptian it precedes rather than follows (j)sk and js but is often found following jw.
Alternative forms
Neo-Middle Egyptian hieroglyphic writings from Edfu that may also represent yꜣ
Gardiner considers the proper interpretation of this word “impossible in the lack of better evidence”. It is a dis legomenon, with only two certain attested occurrences (but possibly up to four in total).
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣ
ꜣ
ꜣ
from Papyrus Westcar 9.16
Etymology 4
Verb
Only used in jrj ꜣ r gs; possibly a variant of the verb ‘to tread’ above.
James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, § 16.7, 18.8, pages 196, 234.
Gardiner, Alan (1948) “The First Two Pages of the Wörterbuch” in The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 34, p. 12–13
Gardiner, Alan (1957) Egyptian Grammar: Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs, third edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, § 245, page 184
Wilson, Penelope (1991) A Lexicographical Study of the Ptolemaic Texts in the Temple of Edfu, Liverpool: University of Liverpool, pages 1–2
van der Molen, Rami (2000) A Hieroglyphic Dictionary of Egyptian Coffin Texts, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 1
^ Orel, Vladimir E., Stolbova, Olga V. (1995) “*ʔay-”, in Hamito-Semitic Etymological Dictionary: Materials for a Reconstruction (Handbuch der Orientalistik; I.18), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
^ Allen, James (2013) A New Concordance of the Pyramid Texts, volume V, Providence: Brown University, PT 539.1–539.2 (Pyr. 1303a–1303b), P
^ de Buck, Adriaan (1956) The Egyptian Coffin Texts, volume VI, page 304 h–i
^ Faulkner, Raymond (1977) The Ancient Egyptian Coffin Texts, volume 2, page 244
^ Orel, Vladimir E., Stolbova, Olga V. (1995) “*ʔa-”, in Hamito-Semitic Etymological Dictionary: Materials for a Reconstruction (Handbuch der Orientalistik; I.18), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill