pw
English
Noun
pw (plural pws)
Prepositional phrase
pw
- (New Zealand) Initialism of per week.
Anagrams
Auhelawa
Pronunciation
Letter
pw (upper case Pw)
Egyptian
Etymology
From earlier pj.
Pronunciation
- (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /puː/
- Conventional anglicization: pu
Determiner
|
m sg proximal, later copular/vocative demonstrative determiner
- (Old Egyptian) this
- (Middle Egyptian, in nominal sentences, following the initial nominal or pronominal element) this is…; it is…
- (Middle Egyptian, formal) O (vocative reference)
Usage notes
This demonstrative was originally a determiner but could later be used alone, like a pronoun. When used as a determiner it follows the noun it describes.
When used in nominal sentences, pw does not vary by the gender or number of the referent; it is used with nouns and pronouns of any gender or number.
In Old Egyptian this form was occasionally used in place of the plural jpw (and at least once for the dual jpwj). Whether this should be interpreted as a mere summarily written variant of jpw or as a genuine use of the singular for the plural is unclear.
Inflection
| determiners | pronouns1 | adverbs | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | unmarked | |||||
| masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | |||
| proximal to speaker | pn |
tn |
*jpnj |
jptnj, jptntj |
jpn |
jptn |
nn |
— |
| distal | pf |
tf |
*jpfj |
*jptfj, *jptftj |
jpf |
jptf |
nf |
— |
| proximal to spoken of | pj, pw, p |
tj, tw |
jpwj |
jptwj, jptwtj |
jpw |
jptw, jptwt |
nw |
— |
| vocative | pꜣ |
tꜣ |
— |
— |
— |
— |
nꜣ |
ꜥꜣ |
1 Unmarked for number and gender, but treated syntactically as masculine plurals when used with participles and relative forms, and as feminine singulars when referred to by resumptive pronouns.
| determiners and pronouns | adverbs | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural1 | |||
| masculine | feminine | |||
| proximal | pn |
tn |
nn |
ꜥn |
| distal | pf, pfꜣ |
tf, tfꜣ |
nf, nfꜣ |
ꜥf |
| ‘copula’ and vocative | pw, pwy |
tw, twy |
nw |
— |
| anaphoric | pꜣ |
tꜣ |
nꜣ |
ꜥꜣ |
1 Joined by n(j) to nouns they modify.
| masculine | feminine | plural | adverb | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pronoun | pꜣw |
dj | |||
| determiners and pronouns | pꜣj |
tꜣj |
nꜣj | ||
| possessive determiners1 | pꜣy |
tꜣy |
nꜣy | ||
| relational pronouns (‘possessive prefixes’) | p-n, pꜣ |
t-nt, tꜣ |
nꜣyw, nꜣ | ||
| definite articles | pꜣ |
tꜣ |
nꜣ2 | ||
| indefinite articles | wꜥ2 |
nhꜣy2 | |||
1 Used with suffix pronouns.
2 Originally joined by n(j) to nouns they modify; later without it.
Alternative forms
| ||
| pw |
There is also an alternative form that cannot stand alone as a pronoun: pwy.
Derived terms
Pronoun
|
interrogative stressed (‘independent’) pronoun
- alternative form of ptr
Alternative forms
| ||
| pw |
References
- James P Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 54–56.
- Edel, Elmar (1955-1964) Altägyptische Grammatik, volume 1, Rome: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum, § 182 et seq., page 83 et seq.
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN
White Hmong
Etymology
From Proto-Hmong-Mien *pu̯eiH (“to sleep, to lie down”). Cognate with Iu Mien bueix.
Pronunciation
Verb
pw
Derived terms
- pw khwb rwg (“to lie on one's stomach”)
- pw ntxeev tiaj (“to lie on the back”)
- pw tsaug zog (“to slumber, snooze, sleep”)
- pw ua ntsais (“to lie on the side”)
References
- Heimbach, Ernest E. (1979) White Hmong — English Dictionary, SEAP Publications, →ISBN, page 239.
- ^ Ratliff, Martha (2010) Hmong-Mien language history (Studies in Language Change; 8), Camberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics, →ISBN, page 281.