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Egyptian
Etymology
Contracted from pꜣ (“the, this”) + n(j) (“of”).
Pronunciation
Pronoun
m sg demonstrative pronoun
- (Late Egyptian, with following noun) he of, this of, that of
Inflection
Old Egyptian demonstratives
|
|
determiners
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pronouns1
|
adverbs
|
| number
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
unmarked
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| gender
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
masculine
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feminine
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unmarked
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| proximal to speaker
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pn
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tn, jtn
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*jpnj
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*jptnj
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jpn
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jptn
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nn
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—
|
| distal
|
pf
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tf
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*jpfj
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*jptfj
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jpf
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jptf
|
nf
|
—
|
| proximal to spoken of
|
pj, pw, py, p
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tj, tw, jtw
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jpwj
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*jptwj
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jpw
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jptw
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nw
|
—
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| vocative
|
pꜣ
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tꜣ
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
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nꜣ
|
ꜥꜣ
|
- Unmarked for number and gender, but treated syntactically as masculine plurals when used with participles and relative forms, and as feminine singulars when referred to by resumptive pronouns.
|
Middle Egyptian demonstratives
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|
determiners and pronouns
|
adverbs
|
| number
|
singular
|
plural1
|
| gender
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
unmarked
|
| proximal
|
pn
|
tn
|
nn
|
ꜥn
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| distal
|
pf, pfꜣ
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tf, tfꜣ
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nf, nfꜣ
|
ꜥf
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| ‘copula’; vocative
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pw, pwy
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tw, twy
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nw
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—
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| anaphoric
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pꜣ
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tꜣ
|
nꜣ
|
ꜥꜣ
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- Joined by n(j) to nouns they modify.
|
Late Egyptian demonstratives and articles
|
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
plural
|
|
adverb
|
| pronoun
|
pꜣw
|
dj
|
| determiners and pronouns
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pꜣj
|
tꜣj
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nꜣj
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| possessive determiners (used with suffix pronouns)
|
pꜣy
|
tꜣy
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nꜣy
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| relational pronouns (‘possessive prefixes’)
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p-n, pꜣ
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t-nt, tꜣ
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nꜣyw, nꜣ
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| definite articles
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pꜣ
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tꜣ
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nꜣ1
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| indefinite articles
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wꜥ1
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nhꜣy1
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- Originally joined by n(j) to nouns they modify; later without it.
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Descendants
References
- Junge, Friedrich (2005) Late Egyptian Grammar: An Introduction, second English edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, pages 53–54
