pf
|
m sg distal demonstrative determiner
This demonstrative was originally a determiner but could later be used alone, like a pronoun. When used as a determiner it follows or precedes the noun it describes.
It forms a contrastive pair with the demonstrative pn, in which pf is distal.
In Old Egyptian this form was occasionally used in place of the plural jpf. Whether this should be interpreted as a mere summarily written variant of jpf or as a genuine use of the singular for the plural is unclear.
determiners | pronouns1 | adverbs | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | dual | plural | unmarked | |||||
masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | |||
proximal to speaker | pn |
tn |
*jpnj |
jptnj, jptntj |
jpn |
jptn |
nn |
— |
distal | pf |
tf |
*jpfj |
*jptfj, *jptftj |
jpf |
jptf |
nf |
— |
proximal to spoken of | pj, pw, p |
tj, tw |
jpwj |
jptwj, jptwtj |
jpw |
jptw, jptwt |
nw |
— |
vocative | pꜣ |
tꜣ |
— |
— |
— |
— |
nꜣ |
ꜥꜣ |
1 Unmarked for number and gender, but treated syntactically as masculine plurals when used with participles and relative forms, and as feminine singulars when referred to by resumptive pronouns.
determiners and pronouns | adverbs | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural1 | |||
masculine | feminine | |||
proximal | pn |
tn |
nn |
ꜥn |
distal | pf, pfꜣ |
tf, tfꜣ |
nf, nfꜣ |
ꜥf |
‘copula’ and vocative | pw, pwy |
tw, twy |
nw |
— |
anaphoric | pꜣ |
tꜣ |
nꜣ |
ꜥꜣ |
1 Joined by n(j) to nouns they modify.
masculine | feminine | plural | adverb | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
pronoun | pꜣw |
dj | |||
determiners and pronouns | pꜣj |
tꜣj |
nꜣj | ||
possessive determiners1 | pꜣy |
tꜣy |
nꜣy | ||
relational pronouns (‘possessive prefixes’) | p-n, pꜣ |
t-nt, tꜣ |
nꜣyw, nꜣ | ||
definite articles | pꜣ |
tꜣ |
nꜣ2 | ||
indefinite articles | wꜥ2 |
nhꜣy2 |
1 Used with suffix pronouns.
2 Originally joined by n(j) to nouns they modify; later without it.
pf m (plural pfs)
pf (not comparable)