tꜣy

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See also: ṯꜣy

Egyptian

Pronunciation

Determiner

tAii

 f sg demonstrative determiner

  1. (Late Egyptian, with attached suffix pronoun) forms possessives; my, our, your, his, her, its, their, depending on which suffix pronoun is attached

Usage notes

This determiner modifies feminine singular nouns, but it does not specify that the possessor is feminine singular; the gender and number of the possessor are specified by the attached suffix pronoun.

Inflection

Old Egyptian demonstratives
determiners pronouns1 adverbs
number singular dual plural unmarked
gender masculine feminine masculine feminine masculine feminine unmarked
proximal to speaker pn
 tn
 *jpnj
 jptnj, jptntj
 jpn
 jptn
 nn
 —
distal pf
 tf
 *jpfj
 *jptfj, *jptftj
 jpf
 jptf
 nf
 —
proximal to spoken of pj, pw, p
 tj, tw
 jpwj
 jptwj, jptwtj
 jpw
 jptw, jptwt
 nw
 —
vocative pꜣ
 tꜣ
 —
 —
 —
 —
 nꜣ
 ꜥꜣ
  1. Unmarked for number and gender, but treated syntactically as masculine plurals when used with participles and relative forms, and as feminine singulars when referred to by resumptive pronouns.
Middle Egyptian demonstratives
determiners and pronouns adverbs
number singular plural1
gender masculine feminine unmarked
proximal pn
 tn
 nn
 ꜥn
distal pf, pfꜣ
 tf, tfꜣ
 nf, nfꜣ
 ꜥf
‘copula’ and vocative pw, pwy
 tw, twy
 nw
 —
anaphoric pꜣ
 tꜣ
 nꜣ
 ꜥꜣ
  1. Joined by n(j) to nouns they modify.
Late Egyptian demonstratives and articles
masculine feminine plural adverb
pronoun pꜣw
 dj
determiners and pronouns pꜣj
 tꜣj
 nꜣj
possessive determiners1 pꜣy
 tꜣy
 nꜣy
relational pronouns (‘possessive prefixes’) p-n, pꜣ
 t-nt, tꜣ
 nꜣyw, nꜣ
definite articles pꜣ
 tꜣ
 nꜣ2
indefinite articles wꜥ2
 nhꜣy2
  1. Used with suffix pronouns.
  2. Originally joined by n(j) to nouns they modify; later without it.

For the possible suffix pronoun endings, see Template:Egyptian personal pronouns.

Descendants

References

  • Junge, Friedrich (2005) Late Egyptian Grammar: An Introduction, second English edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, pages 53–54
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 56.
  • Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN
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