tfꜣ
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Egyptian
Pronunciation
- (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /tɛfɑ/
- Conventional anglicization: tefa
Determiner
|
f sg distal demonstrative determiner
Inflection
| determiners | pronouns1 | adverbs | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | unmarked | |||||
| masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | |||
| proximal to speaker | pn |
tn |
*jpnj |
jptnj, jptntj |
jpn |
jptn |
nn |
— |
| distal | pf |
tf |
*jpfj |
*jptfj, *jptftj |
jpf |
jptf |
nf |
— |
| proximal to spoken of | pj, pw, p |
tj, tw |
jpwj |
jptwj, jptwtj |
jpw |
jptw, jptwt |
nw |
— |
| vocative | pꜣ |
tꜣ |
— |
— |
— |
— |
nꜣ |
ꜥꜣ |
1 Unmarked for number and gender, but treated syntactically as masculine plurals when used with participles and relative forms, and as feminine singulars when referred to by resumptive pronouns.
| determiners and pronouns | adverbs | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural1 | |||
| masculine | feminine | |||
| proximal | pn |
tn |
nn |
ꜥn |
| distal | pf, pfꜣ |
tf, tfꜣ |
nf, nfꜣ |
ꜥf |
| ‘copula’ and vocative | pw, pwy |
tw, twy |
nw |
— |
| anaphoric | pꜣ |
tꜣ |
nꜣ |
ꜥꜣ |
1 Joined by n(j) to nouns they modify.
| masculine | feminine | plural | adverb | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pronoun | pꜣw |
dj | |||
| determiners and pronouns | pꜣj |
tꜣj |
nꜣj | ||
| possessive determiners1 | pꜣy |
tꜣy |
nꜣy | ||
| relational pronouns (‘possessive prefixes’) | p-n, pꜣ |
t-nt, tꜣ |
nꜣyw, nꜣ | ||
| definite articles | pꜣ |
tꜣ |
nꜣ2 | ||
| indefinite articles | wꜥ2 |
nhꜣy2 | |||
1 Used with suffix pronouns.
2 Originally joined by n(j) to nouns they modify; later without it.
References
- James P Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 54–55.