First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄭᅮᆯ〮다〮 (Yale: skwúl-tá).
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | kkulta |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | kkulhda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kkult'a |
| Yale Romanization? | kkwulhta |
| Base | 꿇다 (kkulta) |
|---|---|
| Causative | 꿇리다 (kkullida) |
| Passive | 꿇리다 (kkullida) |
꿇다 • (kkulta) (infinitive 꿇어, sequential 꿇으니)
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 꿇는다 kkulleunda |
꿇어 kkureo |
꿇어요 kkureoyo |
꿇습니다 kkulseumnida |
| Past | 꿇었다 kkureotda |
꿇었어 kkureosseo |
꿇었어요 kkureosseoyo |
꿇었습니다 kkureotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 꿇느냐 kkulleunya |
꿇어 kkureo |
꿇어요 kkureoyo |
꿇습니까 kkulseumnikka |
| Past | 꿇었느냐 kkureonneunya |
꿇었어 kkureosseo |
꿇었어요 kkureosseoyo |
꿇었습니까 kkureotseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 꿇자 kkulcha |
꿇어 kkureo |
꿇어요 kkureoyo |
꿇으십시다 kkureusipsida | |
| Imperative | 꿇어라 kkureora |
꿇어 kkureo |
꿇어요 kkureoyo |
꿇읍시오 kkureupsio | |
| Assertive | 꿇겠다 kkulketda |
꿇겠어 kkulkesseo |
꿇겠어요 kkulkesseoyo |
꿇겠습니다 kkulketseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 꿇어 kkureo |
꿇어서 kkureoseo |
꿇으니 kkureuni |
꿇으니까 kkureunikka | |
| Contrast | 꿇지만 kkulchiman |
꿇는데 kkulleunde |
꿇더니 kkulteoni |
||
| Conjunction | 꿇고 kkulko |
||||
| Condition | 꿇으면 kkureumyeon |
꿇어야 kkureoya |
|||
| Motive | 꿇으려고 kkureuryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 꿇음 kkureum |
꿇기 kkulki | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 꿇었음 kkureosseum |
꿇었기 kkureotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 꿇은 kkureun | |||
| Present | 꿇는 kkulleun | ||||
| Future | 꿇을 kkureul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 꿇으신다 kkureusinda |
꿇으셔 kkureusyeo |
꿇으세요, 꿇으셔요 kkureuseyo, kkureusyeoyo |
꿇으십니다 kkureusimnida |
| Past | 꿇으셨다 kkureusyeotda |
꿇으셨어 kkureusyeosseo |
꿇으셨어요 kkureusyeosseoyo |
꿇으셨습니다 kkureusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 꿇으시느냐 kkureusineunya |
꿇으셔 kkureusyeo |
꿇으세요, 꿇으셔요 kkureuseyo, kkureusyeoyo |
꿇으십니까 kkureusimnikka |
| Past | 꿇으셨느냐 kkureusyeonneunya |
꿇으셨어 kkureusyeosseo |
꿇으셨어요 kkureusyeosseoyo |
꿇으셨습니까 kkureusyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 꿇으시라 kkureusira |
꿇으셔 kkureusyeo |
꿇으세요 kkureuseyo |
꿇으십시오 kkureusipsio | |
| Assertive | 꿇으시겠다 kkureusigetda |
꿇으시겠어 kkureusigesseo |
꿇으시겠어요 kkureusigesseoyo |
꿇으시겠습니다 kkureusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 꿇으셔 kkureusyeo |
꿇으셔서 kkureusyeoseo |
꿇으시니 kkureusini |
꿇으시니까 kkureusinikka | |
| Contrast | 꿇으시지만 kkureusijiman |
꿇으시는데 kkureusineunde |
꿇으시더니 kkureusideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 꿇으시고 kkureusigo |
||||
| Condition | 꿇으시면 kkureusimyeon |
꿇으셔야 kkureusyeoya |
|||
| Motive | 꿇으시려고 kkureusiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 꿇으심 kkureusim |
꿇으시기 kkureusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 꿇으셨음 kkureusyeosseum |
꿇으셨기 kkureusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 꿇으신 kkureusin | |||
| Present | 꿇으시는 kkureusineun | ||||
| Future | 꿇으실 kkureusil | ||||