누르다

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Korean

Etymology 1

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 누르〮다〮 (Yale: nwùlú-tá). From Old Korean 押喙 (*NWUt).

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key):
  • Phonetic hangul:
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?nureuda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?nuleuda
McCune–Reischauer?nurŭda
Yale Romanization?nwūluta

Verb

Korean verb set
Base 누르다 (nureuda)
Passive눌리다 (nullida)

누르다 • (nureuda) (infinitive 눌러, sequential 누르니)

  1. to press, to push
  2. to restrain, to suppress (one's feelings)
    Synonyms: 억누르다 (eongnureuda), 억제(抑制)하다 (eokjehada)
  3. to oppress, to repress
    Synonym: 억압(抑壓)하다 (eogaphada)
Conjugation
    Selected forms of the verb 누르다 (nureuda): vowel-stem, 르(reu)-irregular
Sentence-final forms
Formal non-polite
(해라체) 		Informal non-polite
(해체) 		Informal polite
(해요체) 		Formal polite
(하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 누른다
nureunda 		눌러
nulleo 		눌러요
nulleoyo 		누릅니다
nureumnida
Past 눌렀다
nulleotda 		눌렀어
nulleosseo 		눌렀어요
nulleosseoyo 		눌렀습니다
nulleotseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 누르느냐
nureuneunya 		눌러
nulleo 		눌러요
nulleoyo 		누릅니까
nureumnikka
Past 눌렀느냐
nulleonneunya 		눌렀어
nulleosseo 		눌렀어요
nulleosseoyo 		눌렀습니까
nulleotseumnikka
Hortative 누르자
nureuja		 눌러
nulleo		 눌러요
nulleoyo		 누르십시다
nureusipsida
Imperative 눌러라
nulleora		 눌러
nulleo		 눌러요
nulleoyo		 누릅시오
nureupsio
Assertive 누르겠다
nureugetda		 누르겠어
nureugesseo		 누르겠어요
nureugesseoyo		 누르겠습니다
nureugetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason 눌러
nulleo		 눌러서
nulleoseo		 누르니
nureuni		 누르니까
nureunikka
Contrast 누르지만
nureujiman		 누르는데
nureuneunde		 누르더니
nureudeoni
Conjunction 누르고
nureugo
Condition 누르면
nureumyeon		 눌러야
nulleoya
Motive 누르려고
nureuryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns 누름
nureum		 누르기
nureugi
Past-tense verbal nouns 눌렀음
nulleosseum		 눌렀기
nulleotgi
Determiners Past 누른
nureun
Present 누르는
nureuneun
Future 누를
nureul
Sentence-final forms with honorific
Formal non-polite
(해라체) 		Informal non-polite
(해체) 		Informal polite
(해요체) 		Formal polite
(하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 누르신다
nureusinda 		누르셔
nureusyeo 		누르세요, 누르셔요
nureuseyo, nureusyeoyo 		누르십니다
nureusimnida
Past 누르셨다
nureusyeotda 		누르셨어
nureusyeosseo 		누르셨어요
nureusyeosseoyo 		누르셨습니다
nureusyeotseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 누르시느냐
nureusineunya 		누르셔
nureusyeo 		누르세요, 누르셔요
nureuseyo, nureusyeoyo 		누르십니까
nureusimnikka
Past 누르셨느냐
nureusyeonneunya 		누르셨어
nureusyeosseo 		누르셨어요
nureusyeosseoyo 		누르셨습니까
nureusyeotseumnikka
Imperative 누르시라
nureusira		 누르셔
nureusyeo		 누르세요
nureuseyo		 누르십시오
nureusipsio
Assertive 누르시겠다
nureusigetda		 누르시겠어
nureusigesseo		 누르시겠어요
nureusigesseoyo		 누르시겠습니다
nureusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason 누르셔
nureusyeo		 누르셔서
nureusyeoseo		 누르시니
nureusini		 누르시니까
nureusinikka
Contrast 누르시지만
nureusijiman		 누르시는데
nureusineunde		 누르시더니
nureusideoni
Conjunction 누르시고
nureusigo
Condition 누르시면
nureusimyeon		 누르셔야
nureusyeoya
Motive 누르시려고
nureusiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns 누르심
nureusim		 누르시기
nureusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns 누르셨음
nureusyeosseum		 누르셨기
nureusyeotgi
Determiners Past 누르신
nureusin
Present 누르시는
nureusineun
Future 누르실
nureusil
Derived terms

Etymology 2

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 누르〮다〮 (Yale: nwùlú-tá). From Old Korean 黃等 (*NWOtol).

Possibly ultimately from 눋 (nwut-, “to get a bit burnt”) + *을 (*-ul-, verbal suffix). However, the existence and function of the hypothetical suffix is unclear.[1]

Pronunciation

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?nureuda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?nuleuda
McCune–Reischauer?nurŭda
Yale Romanization?nwuluta

Adjective

누르다 • (nureuda) (infinitive 누르러, sequential 누르니)

  1. to be golden yellow
Conjugation
    Selected forms of the adjective 누르다 (nureuda): vowel-stem, 러(reo)-irregular
Sentence-final forms
Formal non-polite
(해라체) 		Informal non-polite
(해체) 		Informal polite
(해요체) 		Formal polite
(하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 누르다
nureuda 		누르러
nureureo 		누르러요
nureureoyo 		누릅니다
nureumnida
Past 누르렀다
nureureotda 		누르렀어
nureureosseo 		누르렀어요
nureureosseoyo 		누르렀습니다
nureureotseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 누르냐
nureunya 		누르러
nureureo 		누르러요
nureureoyo 		누릅니까
nureumnikka
Past 누르렀냐
nureureonnya 		누르렀어
nureureosseo 		누르렀어요
nureureosseoyo 		누르렀습니까
nureureotseumnikka
Assertive 누르겠다
nureugetda		 누르겠어
nureugesseo		 누르겠어요
nureugesseoyo		 누르겠습니다
nureugetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason 누르러
nureureo		 누르러서
nureureoseo		 누르니
nureuni		 누르니까
nureunikka
Contrast 누르지만
nureujiman		 누른데
nureunde		 누르더니
nureudeoni
Conjunction 누르고
nureugo
Condition 누르면
nureumyeon		 누르러야
nureureoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns 누름
nureum		 누르기
nureugi
Past-tense verbal nouns 누르렀음
nureureosseum		 누르렀기
nureureotgi
Determiners Present 누른
nureun
Future 누를
nureul


Sentence-final forms with honorific
Plain (해라체) Informal (해체) Polite (해요체) Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 누르시다
nureusida 		누르셔
nureusyeo 		누르세요, 누르셔요
nureuseyo, nureusyeoyo 		누르십니다
nureusimnida
Past 누르셨다
nureusyeotda 		누르셨어
nureusyeosseo 		누르셨어요
nureusyeosseoyo 		누르셨습니다
nureusyeotseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 누르시냐
nureusinya 		누르셔
nureusyeo 		누르세요, 누르셔요
nureuseyo, nureusyeoyo 		누르십니까
nureusimnikka
Past 누르셨냐
nureusyeonnya 		누르셨어
nureusyeosseo 		누르셨어요
nureusyeosseoyo 		누르셨습니까
nureusyeotseumnikka
Assertive 누르시겠다
nureusigetda		 누르시겠어
nureusigesseo		 누르시겠어요
nureusigesseoyo		 누르시겠습니다
nureusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason 누르셔
nureusyeo		 누르셔서
nureusyeoseo		 누르시니
nureusini		 누르시니까
nureusinikka
Contrast 누르시지만
nureusijiman		 누르신데
nureusinde		 누르시더니
nureusideoni
Conjunction 누르시고
nureusigo
Condition 누르시면
nureusimyeon		 누르셔야
nureusyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns 누르심
nureusim		 누르시기
nureusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns 누르셨음
nureusyeosseum		 누르셨기
nureusyeotgi
Determiners Present 누르신
nureusin
Future 누르실
nureusil
Derived terms

References

  1. ^ 전한솔 [jeonhansol] (2023) “조선관역어의 ‘噴 ’과 ‘則卜論 ’에 대하여”, in 구결연구, volume 51, 구결학회 [gugyeolhakhoe], pages 283-309
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