đi

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See also: đĩ and Appendix:Variations of "di"

Serbo-Croatian

Interjection

đȋ (Cyrillic spelling ђи̑)

  1. Alternative form of đȉha, đȉja (“giddyup”)

Vietnamese

Etymology

From Proto-Vietic *diː ~ tiː (“to go, to walk”); cognate with Muong ti, Chut tiː², Thavung tiː² and Tho tiː².

The similarity to 移 (SV: di) is purely coincidental (a false cognate).

The development of the verb "to go" into an imperative marker is a Sprachbund phenomenon. Wu & Huang (2018) and de Sousa (2022) discuss similar usage of "to go" in the Northern Tai and Sinitic lects of Guangxi in particular (Zhuang bae, Nanning Cantonese 去 (hy33), etc.)[1][2]

Pronunciation

Verb

đi • (𠫾, 𪠞)

  1. to go
    đi đến ― go to
    đi ngủ ― go to bed
    đi chợ ― go to the market
    đi mua sắm ― go shopping
  2. to leave; to set out
    Tàu hoả mấy giờ đi?
    What time does the train depart?
    • 2007, Quang Vinh, Bảo Thy (lyrics and music), “Vẫn tin mình có nhau [Still Think We've Got Each Other]”:
      Thôi chào em, anh đi. / Vậy thì người đi đi!
      Alright, goodbye, I'm leaving / Then leave, you dummy!
  3. (vehicles, of people) to go by; to board; to get on
    đi máy bay ― go by plane
  4. (of vehicles) to go/run/travel
  5. (euphemistic) Short for đi ỉa (“to shit”) or đi ngoài (“to defecate”)
  6. (Northern Vietnam) to wear (footwear)
    Synonym: mang
    mèo đi hia ― Puss in Boots

Adverb

đi

  1. away; out of sight
    Nó chạy đi đâu rồi?
    Where the hell did he go?
    • 1941, Nam Cao, Chí Phèo:
      Ðó là cái bản tính của hắn, ngày thường bị lấp đi.
      That is his nature, which is usually hidden away.

Particle

đi • (𠫾, 𪠞)

  1. at the end of a sentence, conveys an urging or commanding tone
    Thôi dẹp đi!
    Cut it out!
    • 1941, Nam Cao, Chí Phèo:
      Thấy Chí Phèo không nhúc nhích, cụ tiếp luôn: - Nào đứng lên đi. Cứ vào đây uống nước đã.
      Seeing that Chí Phèo wasn't budging, the old man continued, "Get up now. Come here and have some water."
    • 2007, Quang Vinh, Bảo Thy (lyrics and music), “Vẫn tin mình có nhau [Still Think We've Got Each Other]”:
      Vậy thì người đi đi!
      Then leave, you dummy!

Alternative forms

See also

Derived terms
  • đội (“to wear (headgear)”)
  • đi/mang (“to wear (a piece of footwear)”)
  • quàng (“to wear (a scarf)”)
  • choàng (“to wear (a cape or cloak)”)
  • khoác (“to wear (over the shoulders)”)
  • đeo (“to wear (an accessory)”)

References

  1. ^ de Sousa, Hilário. 2022. The Expansion of Cantonese Over the Last Two Centuries. In: Ye, Z. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Chinese Language Studies. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore.
  2. ^ Yang, Huang, and Fuxiang, Wu. 2018. Central southern Guangxi as a grammaticalization area. In New trends in grammaticalization and language change, ed. Sylvie Hancil, Tine Breban, and José Vicente Lozano, 105–134. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
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