ļauns
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Latvian
Etymology
From the stem of the verb ļaut (“to allow, to permit; to tolerate”) (q.v.), with a suffix *-no. The original meaning was probably “allowed (to do as s/he pleased), allowed (to let go)” (compare palaist (“to let go”), palaidnis (“naughty child”)). Cognates include Lithuanian liáunas, liaũnas (“flexible; slim, slender; weal; free, serene”).
Pronunciation
Adjective
ļauns (definite ļaunais, comparative ļaunāks, superlative visļaunākais, adverb ļauni)
- evil, wicked (whose behavior, attitude towards others is hostile, cruel, vile, criminal)
- ļauns cilvēks ― evil person
- viens un tas pats cilvēks var būt vienā brīdī bezgala labs un otrā, neticami ļauns ― the same person can be one moment infintely good, and then, incredibly evil
- evil (expressing hatred, cruelty)
- ļauns smīns ― evil grin
- ļauna sirds ― evil heart, malice
- ļauns prieks ― gloat (lit. evil joy)
- ļauna acs (kādam) ― (someone has) evil eye (i.e., can curse)
- evil, bad (relating to, leading to something very undesirable, misfortune, sorrow; dangerous)
- ļauns liktenis ― evil fate
- ļauns stāvoklis ― bad, twisted condition
- noticis kas ļauns ― something bad happened
- ļaunākajā gadījumā ― in the worst (lit. worse) case
- visas labās un ļaunās dienas ― all the good and bad days
- evil, twisted, dark (whose content expresses something hateful, cruel)
- ļauns humors ― twisted, dark humor
- ļauna slava ― infamy (lit. evil fame)
- (of animals, plants) harmful
- no gundegu sugām pašas indīgākās ir ļaunās gundegas ― of all species of buttercup the most poisonous is the celery-leaved buttercup (lit. evil buttercup)
Declension
indefinite declension (nenoteiktā galotne) of ļauns
| masculine (vīriešu dzimte) | feminine (sieviešu dzimte) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) |
singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) | ||||||
| nominative (nominatīvs) | ļauns | ļauni | ļauna | ļaunas | |||||
| accusative (akuzatīvs) | ļaunu | ļaunus | ļaunu | ļaunas | |||||
| genitive (ģenitīvs) | ļauna | ļaunu | ļaunas | ļaunu | |||||
| dative (datīvs) | ļaunam | ļauniem | ļaunai | ļaunām | |||||
| instrumental (instrumentālis) | ļaunu | ļauniem | ļaunu | ļaunām | |||||
| locative (lokatīvs) | ļaunā | ļaunos | ļaunā | ļaunās | |||||
| vocative (vokatīvs) | — | — | — | — | |||||
Synonyms
Antonyms
Derived terms
References
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “ļauns”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN