σίνομαι

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Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

Etymology

If it is of Indo-European origin, the verb must contain a presential -ν-, just as κλίνω (klínō) and κρίνω (krínō), which spread not only to the aorist forms, but also to nominal derivatives, like σίνος (sínos) and σίντης (síntēs), which is more problematic. Assuming a pre-form *τϝι-ν-ιε/ο-, the verb has been connected with Old English þwīnan (“to become weak, disappear”), but this should rather be derived from the root *dʰwēy- (“to slip away; dwindle; die; death”), together with dwīnan (“to waste away, languish, decline”). Further etymology unclear.

Pronunciation

 

Verb

σῑ́νομαι • (sī́nomai)

  1. to harm, hurt, damage
    Synonym: βλᾰ́πτω (bláptō)
  2. (in general) to injure
  3. to plunder, pillage, waste
    Synonyms: πορθέω (porthéō), σκῡλεύω (skūleúō), σῡλᾰ́ω (sūláō)

Inflection

   Present: σῑ́νομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle/
passive 		indicative σῑ́νομαι σῑ́νῃ,
σῑ́νει 		σῑ́νεται σῑ́νεσθον σῑ́νεσθον σῑνόμεθᾰ σῑ́νεσθε σῑ́νονται
subjunctive σῑ́νωμαι σῑ́νῃ σῑ́νηται σῑ́νησθον σῑ́νησθον σῑνώμεθᾰ σῑ́νησθε σῑ́νωνται
optative σῑνοίμην σῑ́νοιο σῑ́νοιτο σῑ́νοισθον σῑνοίσθην σῑνοίμεθᾰ σῑ́νοισθε σῑ́νοιντο
imperative   σῑ́νου σῑνέσθω σῑ́νεσθον σῑνέσθων   σῑ́νεσθε σῑνέσθων
middle/passive
infinitive σῑ́νεσθαι
participle m σῑνόμενος
f σῑνομένη
n σῑνόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἐσῑνόμην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle/
passive 		indicative ἐσῑνόμην ἐσῑ́νου ἐσῑ́νετο ἐσῑ́νεσθον ἐσῑνέσθην ἐσῑνόμεθᾰ ἐσῑ́νεσθε ἐσῑ́νοντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: σῑνήσομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle indicative σῑνήσομαι σῑνήσῃ,
σῑνήσει 		σῑνήσεται σῑνήσεσθον σῑνήσεσθον σῑνησόμεθᾰ σῑνήσεσθε σῑνήσονται
optative σῑνησοίμην σῑνήσοιο σῑνήσοιτο σῑνήσοισθον σῑνησοίσθην σῑνησοίμεθᾰ σῑνήσοισθε σῑνήσοιντο
middle
infinitive σῑνήσεσθαι
participle m σῑνησόμενος
f σῑνησομένη
n σῑνησόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἔσῑνᾰ, ἐσῑνᾰ́μην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔσῑνᾰ ἔσῑνᾰς ἔσῑνε(ν) ἐσῑ́νᾰτον ἐσῑνᾰ́την ἐσῑ́νᾰμεν ἐσῑ́νᾰτε ἔσῑνᾰν
subjunctive σῑ́νω σῑ́νῃς σῑ́νῃ σῑ́νητον σῑ́νητον σῑ́νωμεν σῑ́νητε σῑ́νωσῐ(ν)
optative σῑ́ναιμῐ σῑ́νειᾰς,
σῑ́ναις 		σῑ́νειε(ν),
σῑ́ναι 		σῑ́ναιτον σῑναίτην σῑ́ναιμεν σῑ́ναιτε σῑ́νειᾰν,
σῑ́ναιεν
imperative   σῖνον σῑνᾰ́τω σῑ́νᾰτον σῑνᾰ́των   σῑ́νᾰτε σῑνᾰ́ντων
middle indicative ἐσῑνᾰ́μην ἐσῑ́νω ἐσῑ́νᾰτο ἐσῑ́νᾰσθον ἐσῑνᾰ́σθην ἐσῑνᾰ́μεθᾰ ἐσῑ́νᾰσθε ἐσῑ́νᾰντο
subjunctive σῑ́νωμαι σῑ́νῃ σῑ́νηται σῑ́νησθον σῑ́νησθον σῑνώμεθᾰ σῑ́νησθε σῑ́νωνται
optative σῑναίμην σῑ́ναιο σῑ́ναιτο σῑ́ναισθον σῑναίσθην σῑναίμεθᾰ σῑ́ναισθε σῑ́ναιντο
imperative   σῖναι σῑνᾰ́σθω σῑ́νᾰσθον σῑνᾰ́σθων   σῑ́νᾰσθε σῑνᾰ́σθων
active middle
infinitive σῖναι σῑ́νᾰσθαι
participle m σῑ́νᾱς σῑνᾰ́μενος
f σῑ́νᾱσᾰ σῑνᾰμένη
n σῖνᾰν σῑνᾰ́μενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

Further reading

Wikious
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Sagapedia