σπέρμα

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Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *spérmn̥, which consists of Proto-Indo-European *sper- + Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥. By surface analysis, σπείρω (speírō) +‎ -μα (-ma). Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀟𐀔 (pe-ma).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /spér.ma/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈsper.ma/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈsper.ma/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈsper.ma/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈsper.ma/

Noun

σπέρμα • (spérma) n (genitive σπέρμᾰτος); third declension

(botany) seed
semen, sperm
Synonyms: θορός (thorós), σπόρος (spóros)
seed-time, sowing
(figuratively) germ, origin of anything
race, origin, descent
(poetic) seed, offspring
- 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Genesis 46.6

Declension

Third declension of τὸ σπέρμᾰ; τοῦ σπέρμᾰτος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ σπέρμᾰ tò spérma	τὼ σπέρμᾰτε tṑ spérmate	τᾰ̀ σπέρμᾰτᾰ tà spérmata
Genitive	τοῦ σπέρμᾰτος toû spérmatos	τοῖν σπερμᾰ́τοιν toîn spermátoin	τῶν σπερμᾰ́των tôn spermátōn
Dative	τῷ σπέρμᾰτῐ tôi spérmati	τοῖν σπερμᾰ́τοιν toîn spermátoin	τοῖς σπέρμᾰσῐ / σπέρμᾰσῐν toîs spérmasi(n)
Accusative	τὸ σπέρμᾰ tò spérma	τὼ σπέρμᾰτε tṑ spérmate	τᾰ̀ σπέρμᾰτᾰ tà spérmata
Vocative	σπέρμᾰ spérma	σπέρμᾰτε spérmate	σπέρμᾰτᾰ spérmata
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

λιθόσπερμον (lithóspermon)
λινόσπερμον (linóspermon)
σπερμαίνω (spermaínō)
σπερματία (spermatía)
σπερματίας (spermatías)
σπερματίζω (spermatízō)
σπερματικός (spermatikós)
σπερμάτιον (spermátion)
σπερματισμός (spermatismós)
σπερματῖτις (spermatîtis)
σπερματόομαι (spermatóomai)
σπερματοποιέω (spermatopoiéō)
σπερματοπώλης (spermatopṓlēs)
σπερματοῦχος (spermatoûkhos)
σπερματοφάγος (spermatophágos)
σπερματώδης (spermatṓdēs)
σπερμάτωσις (spermátōsis)
σπερμεῖον (spermeîon)
σπερμεῖος (spermeîos)
σπερμοβόλος (spermobólos)
σπερμογόνος (spermogónos)
σπερμολόγος (spermológos)
σπερμονόμος (spermonómos)
σπερμοτοκέω (spermotokéō)
σπερμοφόρος (spermophóros)
σπερμοφυέω (spermophuéō)
σπερμοφυής (spermophuḗs)

Descendants

→ Coptic: ⲥⲡⲉⲣⲙⲁ (sperma)
Greek: σπέρμα (spérma)
Mariupol Greek: сперма (spjerma)
→ Latin: sperma
- Catalan: esperma
- Old French: sperme
  - Middle French: sperme
    - → English: sperm
    - French: sperme
- → German: Sperma
  - → Estonian: sperma

Further reading

“σπέρμα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“σπέρμα”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“σπέρμα”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
σπέρμα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
σπέρμα in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
G4690 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- brood idem, page 101.
- child idem, page 129.
- crew idem, page 184.
- descendant idem, page 214.
- descent idem, page 214.
- element idem, page 265.
- family idem, page 305.
- germ idem, page 357.
- grain idem, page 369.
- line idem, page 492.
- lineage idem, page 493.
- offspring idem, page 571.
- pack idem, page 588.
- parentage idem, page 592.
- progeny idem, page 653.
- race idem, page 667.
- root idem, page 721.
- seed idem, page 749.
- son idem, page 793.
- spawn idem, page 798.
- stem idem, page 815.
- stock idem, page 818.
- tribe idem, page 894.

Greek

Etymology

Inherited from Ancient Greek σπέρμα (spérma, “seed, semen”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈspeɾ.ma/
Hyphenation: σπέρ‧μα

Noun

σπέρμα • (spérma) n (plural σπέρματα)

(biology, botany) seed, the seed of plants.
(biology, medicine) human or animal seed, semen, sperm
(figuratively) the origin, the source, the germ, a primeval element
(figuratively) offspring, descendants, race, issue.

Declension

Declension of **σπέρμα**
	singular	plural
nominative	σπέρμα (spérma)	σπέρματα (spérmata)
genitive	σπέρματος (spérmatos)	σπερμάτων (spermáton)
accusative	σπέρμα (spérma)	σπέρματα (spérmata)
vocative	σπέρμα (spérma)	σπέρματα (spérmata)

Related terms

άσπερμος (áspermos, “seedless”, adjective)
σπερματοζωάριο n (spermatozoário, “spermatozoon, sperm”)

Further reading

σπέρμα on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^el
σπέρμα, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής , Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language

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