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Ukrainian
Etymology
Formed following the pattern of Polish gorzałka, and related to горі́ти (horíty, “to burn”), from Old East Slavic горѣти (gorěti, “to burn”), from Proto-Slavic *gorěti (“to burn”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer-, *gʷʰor- (“warm, hot”).
It may be an abbreviation of a compound term, such as:
- горі́ле вино́ (horíle vynó, “burnt wine”)—compare archaic горѣ́лое вино́ (horíloe vynó).
- горі́ла вода́ (horíla vodá) or *горі́лая вода́ (horílaja vodá, “burnt water”)—compare Czech pálenka (“brandy”), from Old Czech palená voda (“burnt water”), and Hungarian pálinka from a similar Slavic origin.
Although there is no firm evidence, both горілка (horilka) and gorzałka are thought to originate as calques after New High German Branntwein (“brandy”), from early New High German der brannte Wein (“burnt wine”) = later German der gebrannte Wein. Also compare English brandy, from brandywine, from Dutch brandewijn (“burning wine”).
There is also an unlikely theory that горі́лка (horílka) comes from Russian горе́лка (gorélka) after the Polish example, rather than the reverse.
Old Ruthenian (Ukrainian/Belarusian) forms include горѣвка (horivka), attested from the 18th century, горѣлка (horělka), 1545/1539, горилка (horilka), 1562, and горѣлое вино (horěloje vino), 1507/1498.
Also compare south Russian горе́лка (gorélka), Belarusian гарэ́лка (harélka), Polish gorzałka, gorzała, Czech kořalka originating from Polish, dialectal Slovak goralka and goržolka also from Polish. Also English horilka or gorilka, by romanization.
Pronunciation
Noun
горі́лка • (horílka) f inan (genitive горі́лки, nominative plural горі́лки or горілки́, genitive plural горі́лок or горіло́к, relational adjective горілча́ний, diminutive горі́лочка)
- Any distilled alcoholic liquor: vodka, whisky, brandy, etc.
- Specifically, a clear distilled alcoholic liquor of Eastern European origin, made from grain mash, potatoes, or their peelings; vodka.
- Such a liquor of Ukrainian origin, as opposed to Russian or Polish vodka; horilka.
Declension
Declension of горі́лка (inan hard fem-form accent-a/c reduc)
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|
singular
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plural
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| nominative
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горі́лка
horílka
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горі́лки, горілки́
horílky, horilký
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| genitive
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горі́лки
horílky
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горі́лок, горіло́к
horílok, horilók
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| dative
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горі́лці
horílci
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горі́лкам, горілка́м
horílkam, horilkám
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| accusative
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горі́лку
horílku
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горі́лки, горілки́
horílky, horilký
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| instrumental
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горі́лкою
horílkoju
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горі́лками, горілка́ми
horílkamy, horilkámy
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| locative
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горі́лці
horílci
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горі́лках, горілка́х
horílkax, horilkáx
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| vocative
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горі́лко
horílko
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горі́лки, горілки́
horílky, horilký
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Synonyms
Derived terms
Descendants
See also
References
- Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “горілка”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “горілка”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “горіти”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page гуральня
- Rudnyc'kyj, Ja. (1962–1972) “горіти”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language, volumes 1 (А – Ґ), Winnipeg: Ukrainian Free Academy of Sciences, →LCCN, page 693
- “горілка”, in Горох – Словозміна (in Ukrainian)