лижа
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Лижі
Bulgarian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lizati.
Pronunciation
Verb
ли́жа • (líža) first-singular present indicative, impf (perfective ли́зна)
- (transitive) to lick (to stroke with the tongue)
- (transitive) (of flames) to lick (to touch lightly)
- (reflexive with си) to lick up
- лижа си раните (idiom) ― liža si ranite ― to lick one's wounds
Conjugation
Conjugation of ли́жа (conjugation 1.4, imperfective, transitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | ли́жещ lížešt |
ли́зал, лиза́л1 lízal, lizál1 |
ли́жел lížel |
ли́зан lízan |
ли́жейки lížejki | |
| definite subject form | ли́жещият lížeštijat |
ли́залият, лиза́лият1 lízalijat, lizálijat1 |
— | ли́заният lízanijat | |||
| definite object form | ли́жещия lížeštija |
ли́залия, лиза́лия1 lízalija, lizálija1 |
— | ли́зания lízanija | |||
| feminine | indefinite | ли́жеща lížešta |
ли́зала, лиза́ла1 lízala, lizála1 |
ли́жела lížela |
ли́зана lízana | ||
| definite | ли́жещата lížeštata |
ли́залата, лиза́лата1 lízalata, lizálata1 |
— | ли́заната lízanata | |||
| neuter | indefinite | ли́жещо lížešto |
ли́зало, лиза́ло1 lízalo, lizálo1 |
ли́жело líželo |
ли́зано lízano |
ли́зане lízane | |
| definite | ли́жещото lížeštoto |
ли́залото, лиза́лото1 lízaloto, lizáloto1 |
— | ли́заното lízanoto |
ли́зането lízaneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | ли́жещи lížešti |
ли́зали, лиза́ли1 lízali, lizáli1 |
ли́жели líželi |
ли́зани lízani |
ли́зания, ли́занета lízanija, lízaneta | |
| definite | ли́жещите lížeštite |
ли́залите, лиза́лите1 lízalite, lizálite1 |
— | ли́заните lízanite |
ли́занията, ли́занетата lízanijata, lízanetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | ли́жа líža |
ли́жеш lížeš |
ли́же líže |
ли́жем lížem |
ли́жете lížete |
ли́жат lížat | |
| imperfect | ли́жех lížeh |
ли́жеше lížeše |
ли́жеше lížeše |
ли́жехме lížehme |
ли́жехте lížehte |
ли́жеха lížeha | |
| aorist | ли́зах, лиза́х1 lízah, lizáh1 |
ли́за, лиза́1 líza, lizá1 |
ли́за, лиза́1 líza, lizá1 |
ли́захме, лиза́хме1 lízahme, lizáhme1 |
ли́захте, лиза́хте1 lízahte, lizáhte1 |
ли́заха, лиза́ха1 lízaha, lizáha1 | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ли́зал/лиза́л1 m, ли́зала/лиза́ла1 f, ли́зало/лиза́ло1 n, or ли́зали/лиза́ли1 pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and ли́зал/лиза́л1 m, ли́зала/лиза́ла1 f, ли́зало/лиза́ло1 n, or ли́зали/лиза́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and ли́зал/лиза́л1 m, ли́зала/лиза́ла1 f, ли́зало/лиза́ло1 n, or ли́зали/лиза́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and ли́зал/лиза́л1 m, ли́зала/лиза́ла1 f, ли́зало/лиза́ло1 n, or ли́зали/лиза́ли1 pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ли́жел m, ли́жела f, ли́жело n, or ли́жели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ли́зал/лиза́л1 m, ли́зала/лиза́ла1 f, ли́зало/лиза́ло1 n, or ли́зали/лиза́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ли́зал/лиза́л1 m, ли́зала/лиза́ла1 f, ли́зало/лиза́ло1 n, or ли́зали/лиза́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and ли́зал/лиза́л1 m, ли́зала/лиза́ла1 f, ли́зало/лиза́ло1 n, or ли́зали/лиза́ли1 pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ли́жел m, ли́жела f, ли́жело n, or ли́жели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and ли́зал/лиза́л1 m, ли́зала/лиза́ла1 f, ли́зало/лиза́ло1 n, or ли́зали/лиза́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none
| ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and ли́зал/лиза́л1 m, ли́зала/лиза́ла1 f, ли́зало/лиза́ло1 n, or ли́зали/лиза́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ли́жел m, ли́жела f, ли́жело n, or ли́жели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ли́зал/лиза́л1 m, ли́зала/лиза́ла1 f, ли́зало/лиза́ло1 n, or ли́зали/лиза́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and ли́зал/лиза́л1 m, ли́зала/лиза́ла1 f, ли́зало/лиза́ло1 n, or ли́зали/лиза́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and ли́зал/лиза́л1 m, ли́зала/лиза́ла1 f, ли́зало/лиза́ло1 n, or ли́зали/лиза́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and ли́зал/лиза́л1 m, ли́зала/лиза́ла1 f, ли́зало/лиза́ло1 n, or ли́зали/лиза́ли1 pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| лижи́ liží |
лиже́те ližéte |
||||||
1Dialectally marked.
Derived terms
- ли́звам (lízvam) (semelfactive)
- доли́жа pf (dolíža), доли́звам impf (dolízvam)
- зали́жа pf (zalíža), зали́звам impf (zalízvam)
- изли́жа pf (izlíža), изли́звам impf (izlízvam)
- нали́жа pf (nalíža), нали́звам impf (nalízvam)
- оли́жа pf (olíža), оли́звам impf (olízvam)
- обли́жа pf (oblíža), обли́звам impf (oblízvam)
- поли́жа pf (políža), поли́звам impf (polízvam)
- подли́жа се pf (podlíža se), подли́звам се impf (podlízvam se, “to fawn, to ingratiate”) (+ на (na))
- подлизу́рко (podlizúrko, “bootlicker”)
- лиза́ч (lizáč, “drunkard”) (figurative, literally: “licker”)
- ли́зец (lízec) (in compounds)
- блюдоли́зец (bljudolízec, “sycophant”)
- ли́зест (lízest, “lickery”)
See also
- слиз (sliz, “mucus, phlegm”) (dialectal), сълза́ (sǎlzá, “tear”) (possibly related via s-mobile)
- ли́зам се (lízam se), ли́згам се (lízgam se, “to slide”) (dialectal) < earlier *lyzati
References
- “лижа”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “лижа”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
- Nayden Gerov (1899) “ли́жѭ, -ѥшь; ли́захъ (да ли́знѫ, ли́знувамь)”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 12
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “лижа, лизвам, лизна”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 395
- “лизати”, in Старобългарски речник [Old Bulgarian Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), https://histdict.uni-sofia.bg, 2011—2024
Anagrams
- жила (žila)
Russian
Pronunciation
Participle
лижа́ • (ližá)
- present adverbial imperfective participle of лиза́ть (lizátʹ)
Ukrainian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lyža, if existing in Proto-Slavic at all. Cognate with Russian лы́жа (lýža).
Pronunciation
Noun
ли́жа • (lýža) f inan (genitive ли́жі, nominative plural ли́жі, genitive plural лиж, relational adjective ли́жний)
- ski (one of a pair of long flat runners designed for gliding over snow)
Declension
Declension of ли́жа (inan semisoft fem-form accent-a)
Derived terms
Further reading
- Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “лижа”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2010–2023), “лижа”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1–14 (а – префере́нція), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka; Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
- “лижа”, in Горох – Словозміна (in Ukrainian)
- “лижа”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
- “лижа”, in Словник.ua (in Ukrainian)