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Equivalent to a univerbation of إِن(ʔin, “if, introduces protasis”) + ذَا(ḏā, “this, demonstrative pronoun”). A retroactively added protasis may be instead understood by the hearer as a new main clause, therefore “when” became “then”. Like in Latin—well-known—relative pronouns are used as proximal demonstrative pronouns indistinctly: quod erat demonstrandum.
Compare to Hebrewאָז(ʾāz, “so, therefore, then”), Hebrewאַזַי, Aramaicאֱדַיִן(ʾĕḏáyin, “then, at that time”), which may in lack of attestations of conjunctional use instead parallel هٰذَا(hāḏā) however.
And examine the orphans till they seem able to bear intercourse. If you sense prudence from them, pass their money to them, and do not eat it extravangantly nor hastily before their growing up. Whoever is rich should abstain, and whoever is poor may eat as is custom. And when you pass them the money, summon someone to be a witness against them. It is Allah who is the Reckoner .
And We inspired Moses "Cast your staff", whereupon it devoured what they were forging.
Usage notes
When iḏā is used as the conditional particle in a conditional clause, it may be followed by a past-tense verb regardless of natural time-reference.
As a particle of surprise the verb that follows is typically found in the present/non-past tense despite having a past-tense sense; most often used in storytelling or relating events, announcing an event or occurrence that follows after another, a sequence.