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From the root ش ء م(š-ʔ-m), a variant of ش م ل(š-m-l); contrasted with اليَمَن(al-yaman) from *yamīn-(“right-hand side; southward”). Cognate with Hebrewשְׂמֹאל(s'mól, “left”), Akkadian𒆏(šumēlum, “left side”), Aramaicסְמָלָא / ܣܡܠܐ(semālā, “left side”), Ugaritic𐎌𐎎𐎀𐎍(šmảl). The northern sense derives from the left-hand side oriented with the sunrise, also attested in Old South Arabian𐩦𐩱𐩣(s²ʾm, “North”).