زیر

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See also: زیرـ, زير, and ریز

Persian

Etymology

From Middle Persian (hcdl /⁠azēr⁠/, “underneath”), from Old Persian *hacā-adari, equivalent to 𐏃𐎨𐎠 (h-c-a /⁠hacā⁠/, “from”, from Proto-Iranian *háčaH, from Proto-Indo-European *sékʷ-eh₂) + *adari (“under”, from Proto-Iranian *Hadárah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hadʰáras, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥dʰ-ér-o-s, distantly related to English under).

The prepositional usage is a contraction of older در زیرِ (dar zir-e, literally “in the underneath of”) or به زیرِ (be zir-e, literally “at the underneath of”); the full forms are dated in Iran but more common in the eastern lands.

Pronunciation

 

Readings
Classical reading? zēr
Dari reading? zēr
Iranian reading? zir
Tajik reading? zer

Noun

زیر • (zir) (plural زیرها (zir-hâ))

  1. lower part; bottom
  2. something underneath
  3. kasra (vowel diacritic placed under the letter)
    Synonym: کسره (kasre)
  4. (music) high-pitched tune; soprano or treble
    • 1177, Farīd ud-Dīn ʿAṭṭār, “The tale of the nightingale”, in منطق‌الطیر [The Conference of the Birds]‎:
      زاری اندر نی ز گفتار منست
      زیر چنگ از نالهٔ زار من است
      rāzē andar nay zi guftār-i man ast
      zēr-i čang az nāla-yi zār-i man ast
      The mystery in the flute is from my speech;
      The treble of the harp is from my forlorn cries.
      (Classical romanization)

Derived terms

Preposition

زیر • (zir-e)

  1. (with ezâfe) under; underneath; beneath
    Synonym: تحت (taht-e)
    زیر میز ― zir-e miz ― under the table
    زیر نظر ستاد ― zir-e nazar-e setâd ― under the oversight of EIKO
    • 1967, Samad Behrangi, ماهی سیاه کوچولو [The Little Black Fish]:
      خانه ی ماهی کوچولو و مادرش پشت سنگ سیاهی بود؛ زیر سقفی از خزه.
      xâne-ye mâhi-ye kučulu o mâdar-eš pošt-e sang-e siyâhi bud; zir-e saqfi az xaze.
      The house of the little fish and his mother was behind a black stone, under a roof of moss.

Adjective

زیر • (zir)

  1. under; below
    این کلمه می‌تواند به موارد زیر اشاره داشته باشد.
    in kalame mi-tavânad be mavâred-e zir ešâre dâšte bâšad.
    This word may refer to the topics below.
  2. high-pitched
    Synonym: نازک (nâzok)

Derived terms

Descendants

References

  • Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “զիլ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, page 95a
  • Horn, Paul (1893) Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, § 680, pages 258—259
  • Hübschmann, Heinrich (1895) Persische Studien [Persian Studies] (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, page 71
  • Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 265
  • Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 82
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