Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/háčaH

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *sékʷ-eh₂, from *sekʷ- (“to follow”).^[1]

Adverb

*háčaH^[1]

outward, away

Descendants

Old Avestan: 𐬵𐬀𐬗𐬁 (hacā)
- Younger Avestan: 𐬵𐬀𐬗𐬀 (haca)

Preposition

*háčaH^[1]

of, from

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Old Avestan: 𐬵𐬀𐬗𐬁 (hacā)
  - Younger Avestan: 𐬵𐬀𐬗𐬀 (haca)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Scythian:
  - Ossetian: (“out him, from him, in him”)
    Digor Ossetian: дзи (ʒi)
    
    Iron Ossetian: дзы (ʒy)
- Proto-Saka-Wakhi:
  - Khotanese: (jsa)
  - Tumshuqese: (tsi)
  - Wakhi: cə (“of, from; due to; via; about”)
- Sogdo-Bactrian:
  - Bactrian: (/⁠as⁠/, “of”)
    Greek script: ασο (aso)
    
    Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫘 (ʾs)
  - Khwarezmian: څی (cy /⁠cē⁠/), څا (cʾ /⁠cā⁠/)
  - Proto-Sogdic:
    - Sogdian: (/⁠ač; ačann; čann⁠/) (>*hača; >*hača-awana)
      Manichaean script: 𐫝𐫗𐫗 (cnn)
      
      Sogdian script: 𐼰𐼿𐼻 (ʾcn)
      
      Syriac script: ܐܨ (ʾc), ܨܢܢ (cnn)
    - Yagnobi: ҷе (če), ҷи (či)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Sanglechi-Ishkashimi:
  - Ishkashimi: (cь)
  - Sanglechi: (cə)
- Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:
  - Proto-Munji-Yidgha: (“of”)
    - Munji: (žə)
    - Yidgha: (že), (žo), (žə)
  - Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami:
    - Sarikoli: az
    - Shughni:
      Bartangi, Roshani, Khufi, Khughni: ас (as)
      
      Bartangi, Roshani, Khughni: аз (az)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi:
  Eastern Balochi: اش (aš), ئەژ (až)
  
  Western Balochi: اش (aš), اچ (ač)
- Kurdish:
  Central Kurdish: ژِ (ji)
  
  Northern Kurdish: ji
  
  Southern Kurdish: ژە (je), ئەژ (ej)
  
  Laki: ئەژ (ej, “from”)
- Proto-Medo-Parthian: *háčā
  - Old Median: *háčā
    - Mazanderani-Shahmirzadi:
      - Old Mazanderani: اج (aǰ)
        Mazanderani: از (az), اج (aǰ)
      - Shahmirzadi: از (äz)
    - Semnani: ئەژ (až)
    - Tatic:
      - Old Tati:
        Old Azari: اژ (až), اج (aǰ), جه (ǰa)
      - Talysh: çi
  - Parthian: (/⁠až⁠/, “of, from, with”)
    Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫝 (ʾc), 𐫀𐫊 (ʾž)
    
    Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭌𐭍 (mn)
  - Zaza-Gurani:
    - Gurani: جە (ǰa)
      - → Central Kurdish: جە (ce)
    - Zazaki: ci, zi
Southwestern Iranian:
- Southwestern Fars:
  Burenjani, Papuni: از (äz), ا (ä)
  
  Masarmi: از (äz)
- Larestani: هز (haz, hez)
- Old Persian: 𐏃𐎨𐎠 (h-c-a /⁠hačā⁠/)
  - Middle Persian: (/⁠(early) hač, (late) az⁠/, “of, from, with”)
    Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫝 (ʾc), 𐫀𐫉 (ʾz)
    Book Pahlavi script: (MN), (hc)
    Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭬𐭭 (mn)
    Psalter Pahlavi script: (MN)
    Pazend script: 𐬆𐬗 (əc)
    - Bakhtiari: از (äz), (zi), زه (ze)
    - Northern Luri:
      Nahavandi: از (äz)
      Balagarive: داْ (de)
    - Southern Luri: از (äz), ا (ä)
    - Classical Persian: از (az)
      Dari: از (az)
      Iranian Persian: از (äz)
      Tajik: аз (az)
      Judeo-Tat: əz
      Tat: ا (ä), از (äz)
    - → Gilaki: از (äz)
    - → Proto-Komisenian:
      - Sorkhei: از (äz)
      - Lasgerdi: از (az)
      - Sangisari: از (äz)
    - → Middle Median:
      - Kermanic: (“of, from, with”)
        Farizandi, Gazi, Kafroni, Kesehi, Sedehi, Vonishuni, Qohrudi, Zefrehi: äz
        Khunsari: ez
      - → Sivandi: äz, ä
    - → Parachi: az

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000) “*háčā”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 301-303

[ESIJa-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000) “*háčā”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 301-303

[1]

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/háčaH

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

Adverb

Descendants

Preposition

Descendants

References

Wikious

Boobota

Sagapedia