ci

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ci (poetry)

Wikipedia

Borrowed from Mandarin 詞／词 (cí).

ci (uncountable)

1. One of the Classical Chinese poetry forms

• -ic, IC, I²C

ci

1. water

• Marvin Lionel Bender, Topics in Nilo-Saharan linguistics (1989) (cí, cì)
• (ɕi)

From cai (“you”).

• IPA^(key): /t͡ʃi/
• Rhymes: -i

ci (Balinese script ᬘᬶ)

1. (medya) you

   Synonyms: (kasar) ragan, (halus) iratu

• “ci” in Balinese–Indonesian Dictionary , Denpasar, Indonesia: The Linguistic Center of Bali Province .

cí

1. thatch, especially of the species Diheteropogon grandiflorus

cí

1. commission, errand
2. message, order
3. mission, task, assignment

   ò cí bɛ́ í kàn

   it is your duty

4. work, labor (especially agricultural)

   cí kɛ́

   to work in the fields

5. usefulness, utility

   cí tɛ́ nìn ná

   that's useless

cí

1. to send, charge with a mission

   sɛ́bɛn cí mɔ̀gɔ mà

   to send a letter to someone

cì

1. to hit

   fíyɛn bɛ́ cì

   the wind is blowing

   fàli cì

   to hit an donkey

2. to break

   à y'á kùn cì

   He knocked him unconscious

3. to destroy
4. to split, divide, cut

   dɔ́gɔ cì

   to split wood

5. to burst, explode with a loud noise

   màrifa cì

   to fire off a round (with a gun)

6. to trace, tattoo

   bála cì

   to plot an area of a field to be hoed

   tùgu cì

   to vaccinate in the arm

cì

1. line, stroke
2. tattoo

Ultimately from either Latin hīc (“here”) or hinc (“from here”). Akin to Italian ci; see there for more. Compare Sicilian cci.

ci

1. there

ci

1. us (both direct and indirect object)

• https://infcor.adecec.net/

From Latin quem. Compare Portuguese quem, Romanian cine, Spanish quien, Romansch che, Sardinian chíne.

• IPA^(key): /t͡ʃi/

ci

1. who

ci

1. water

• John T. King, A Grammar of Dhimal

From Italian or French tu, Russian ты (ty), etc., plus the i of personal pronouns.

• IPA^(key): /t͡si/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -i
• Hyphenation: ci

ci (accusative cin, possessive cia)

1. (rare) thou, you (second-person informal singular pronoun)
   • 1905, Ludoviko Lazaro Zamenhof, Fundamento de Esperanto:

     Mi legas. — Ci skribas (anstataŭ “ci” oni uzas ordinare “vi”).

     I read. — Thou writest (instead of “ci” one ordinarily uses “vi”.)

   • 1899, Felikso Zamenhof, (Please provide the book title or journal name):

     Ekamis la konato / Kaj reciproke ŝi; / Post paso de monato / Ŝanĝiĝis »Vi« per »ci«.

     Her acquaintance fell in love / and reciprocally she; / after the passage of a month / "You" changed into "thee".

   • 1907, Henri Vallienne, Kastelo de Prelongo, ch. 6:

     Cia sintenado estos vere fiera, li moke murmuretis en ŝian orelon, kiam ci estos vekinta la tutan loĝantaron.

     Thine attitude shall be truly proud, he mockingly whispered into her ear, when thou shalt have awakened the whole population.

Some people believe that this word was used in the past and then became archaic, but this is not true. Actually, this word has never been in common usage; as written by Zamenhof as early as 1888, when the Dua Libro de l' Lingvo Internacia, was published. Many Esperantists don't even understand it. Some authors have used 'ci' to portray archaic language, for translations, and for stylistic effects. This usage is criticized by other writers.

• Ludwig L. Zamenhof, Dua Libro de l' Lingvo Internacia; Ludwig L. Zamenhof, Lingvaj Respondoj; Bertilo Wennergren, Plena Manlibro de Esperanta Gramatiko (PMEG); Bernard Golden, La Gazeto #11, June 15, 1987; Zlatko Tisjlar, Frekvencmorfemaro de Parolata Esperanto.

Esperanto personal pronouns

		singular				plural
		nominative	accusative	possessive		nominative	accusative	possessive
first person		mi	min	mia		ni	nin	nia
second person	formal	vi	vin	via		vi	vin	via
	familiar1	ci	cin	cia
third person	masculine	li	lin	lia		ili iŝi3	ilin iŝin3	ilia iŝia3
	feminine	ŝi	ŝin	ŝia
	neuter	ĝi	ĝin	ĝia
	gender-neutral2	ri ŝli	rin ŝlin	ria ŝlia
	reflexive	si	sin	sia		si	sin	sia
indefinite		oni	onin	onia		oni	onin	onia

¹ The second person familiar pronouns are archaic.

² The proposed gender-neutral third-person singular pronouns ri (rin, ria) and ŝli (ŝlin, ŝlia) are not widely used.

³ The proposed third-person feminine plural pronoun iŝi (iŝin, iŝia) is not widely used.

Inherited from Late Latin ecce hīc.

• IPA^(key): /si/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Homophones: si, scie, scies, scient

ci

1. (in compounds, else archaic) alternative form of ici (“here”)
2. (after a noun) see -ci

• “ci”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé , 2012.

From Proto-Chadic, ultimately from Proto-Afroasiatic *taʔ- (“to eat, especially something soft, to close lips, especially loosely”). Compare Akkadian 𒋫𒀪𒌑 (ta-ʾu-u₂ /⁠taʾu⁠/, “to eat”), Mehri tewō (“eat”), Arabic تَأْتَأَ (taʔtaʔa, “to stammer, to stutter, to reduplicate sounds, to mumble or move lips”), and with varying Berber forms Tamahaq ⵜⵜ (tǝtt), Tarifit ⵜⵜ (tǝtt), Central Atlas Tamazight ⵜⵛ (tc), and Kabyle teṭṭ (pharyngeal-coloring found as well in the Arabic variant تَعْتَعَ (taʕtaʕa), and in that sense possible further connections to طَعِمَ (ṭaʕima, “to taste”) and عَضَّ (ʕaḍḍa, “to bite”)).

• IPA^(key): /t͡ʃí/
  • (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA^(key):

ci (grade Ø)

1. to eat, to eat soft things

• IPA^(key): /tsi/

ci

1. alternative form of ici (“these”)

ci

1. alternative form of ici (“these”)

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃi/
• Rhymes: -i
• Syllabification: ci

From Xiamen Hokkien 錢／钱 (chîⁿ, “mace”).

ci (plural ci-ci)

1. (obsolete) weight unit 1/10 tahil (for opium)

From Sundanese ci, perhaps derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wahiʀ.

ci (countable and uncountable, plural ci-ci)

1. river (large stream which drains a landmass), specifically, those located in Banten, West Java, and far-western Central Java

   Synonyms: sungai, kali

ci (plural ci-ci)

1. alternative form of encik
2. alternative form of taci (“elder sister”)

• “ci” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

• IPA^(key): /tsi/

ci

1. here (at this place)

From Latin cē (the name of the letter C).

• ce (archaic or regional)

• IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃi/^*
• Rhymes: -i
• Hyphenation: cì

ci f (invariable)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter C/c.; cee

• (Latin-script letter names) lettera; a, bi, ci, di, e, effe, gi, acca, i, gei / i lunga, cappa, elle, emme, enne, o, pi, cu, erre, esse, ti, u, vu / vi, doppia vu, ics, ipsilon / i greca, zeta

• ci² in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Uncertain. Rohlfs and Von Wartburg favoured/favored Late Latin ecce hīc. Maiden casts doubt on this etymology, pointing out that Italian ci is an unstressed 'weak' form, while Latin hic otherwise survives in Italian only in stressed forms (reinforced by Latin ecce or eccum) such as ciò, qua, and qui. (It should also be noted that all of the latter trigger syntactic doubling in a following word, thanks to their original final /k/, while ci does not.) Maiden proposes instead an origin in Latin hince, variant of hinc (“hence, from here”), pointing out that in parts of southern Italy there exists a 1PL pronoun 'nci (cf. also 'nce). Treccani, on the other hand, proposes an origin in Latin hīce, a variant of hīc (“here”). In any case, the Italian term is certainly cognate with Neapolitan ce, Sicilian cci and Sassarese zi, all three of which share similar adverbial senses, with the latter two also having pronominal senses.

• -ci (enclitic)
• ce (before a third person direct object clitic)

• IPA^(key): /t͡ʃi/^*, (Sicily, Calabria) ^*/t͡ʃi/
• Hyphenation: ci

ci

1. us

   Loro ci conoscono ― They know us

2. (reflexive pronoun) ourselves; each other

   Ci arrabbiamo ― We (ourselves) get angry

   Ci amiamo ― We love each other

3. to us

   Lui ci ha detto questo ― He said this to us

4. replaces the indefinite personal pronoun si (“one”) before reflexive si (“oneself”); one

   Ci si lava. ― One washes oneself.

   Ci si annoia quando non c'è niente da fare.

   One gets bored when there is nothing to do.

5. it, to it

   Non ci credo. ― I do not believe it.

• Becomes ce when followed by a third person direct object clitic (lo, la, li, le, or ne).

ci

1. to there, here, there

   Synonym: vi (formal)

   Ci sono andato ― I have been there

   Ci siamo ― We're here

   Ci sono molte cose ― There are many things

   C'è un problema ― There is a problem

2. forms part of many verbs:

   volerci ― to require/take

   abituarci ― to get used to it

   riuscirci ― to be able to do it

   entrarci ― to do with something

   contarci ― to count on it

   pensarci ― to think about it

   starci ― to agree / to be up for something

   farcela ― to manage to do something

   crederci ― to believe it

• ivi
• là
• qua
• qui

• tchi, twi, kyi

ci m (uncountable)

1. the Twi language family

• ci³ in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

From Proto-Mongolic *či; compare Mongolian чи (či), Dongxiang chi.

ci

1. you

ci

1. mouth

Borrowed from Belarusian ці (ci).

• IPA^(key):
• Hyphenation: ci

ci

1. Used to form polar questions.

• voi

• A. Andronov, L. Leikuma (2008) Latgalīšu-Latvīšu-Krīvu sarunu vuordineica, Lvava, →ISBN, page 13

cī

1. second-person singular present active imperative of ciō

From Sundanese ᮎᮤ (ci).

• IPA^(key): /t͡ʃi/
• Rhymes: -t͡ʃi, -i

ci (Jawi spelling چي, plural ci-ci)

1. river (large stream which drains a landmass)

• alir
• alur
• batang
• bengawan
• kali
• sungai
• wai

• “ci” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

ci

1. nonstandard spelling of cī
2. nonstandard spelling of cí
3. nonstandard spelling of cǐ
4. nonstandard spelling of cì

• Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

ci

1. strike

• kfune
• nyɛw
• suŋ

• R. Blench, Beboid Comparative

• IPA^(key): /t͡ʃī/

ci

1. Used to order actions temporally: then; and

   Musa à bá nakàn yínna, Gàná ci à gí eci yínna ― Musa will cut meat today, and Gana will eat yam today

• ci is solely used to join verbs/sentences and not nouns, for which tò is used. Additionally, when ci is used, the subject of each verb must be specified.

• ma

From Late Latin ecce hīc.

ci

1. here (in this place)
   • c. 1250, Marie de France, Guigemar:

     Va t'en de ci ! Lai me aveir pes.

     Go, leave this place! Let me have peace.

• French: ici, ci

ci

1. alternative form of cía

ci

1. alternative form of cía

• IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ɕi/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -i
• Syllabification: ci

• (stressed) tobie

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ti.

ci

1. short dative singular of ty.

ci m

1. virile nominative plural of ten

From ce.

• IPA^(key): /t͡ʃi/

ci

1. (adversative) but; so that; on the contrary, opposite

   Nici eu, ci el. ― Not I, but he.

• dimpotrivă
• dar

• cci

• IPA^(key):
• (unstressed) IPA^(key):

Akin to Italian ci; see there for more.

ci

1. here, there

ci

1. dative of iddu (“he”); to him
2. dative of idda (“she”); to her
3. dative of iddi (“they”); to them

• Unlike in Italian, the Sicilian pronoun ci is not used for the first-person plural ('us'). The Sicilian equivalent is ni.

From cai.

ci (Sundanese script ᮎᮤ)

1. water
2. river

• Commonly used for making compound words (e.g. kinds of water, names of rivers, settlements, etc.)

• "TJI", in Coolsma, S (1913) Soendaneesch-Hollandsch Woordenboek (in Dutch), Leiden: A.W. Sijthoff's Uitgeversmaatschappij

Palatalization of an earlier *chi (/ki/), from the same continuum of Sicilian cui~cu'. Cognate with Italian chi.

ci (relative)

1. who

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *tsii, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-tsji.

ci

1. salt

• Zomi Ordbog based on the work of D.L. Haokip

From Latin quis (compare Italian chi).

ci (interrogative)

1. who?

• Redoubled for reinforcement.

  Ci èlo ci?

  Who on earth is he?

From Old French cist, from Latin ecce istum (< iste).

• IPA^(key): /si/

ci (after an open syllabe : ç', feminine : cisse, masculine form before vowel : cist, feminine form before vowel : ciste, plural : ces)

1. this

   Ci rotch

   This rock

   C' est ç' rotch-ci

   It's this rock

   Cist ome

   This man

   Cisse gayole

   This box

   Ciste afwaire

   This affair

   Ces måjhons

   These houses

ci (before a vowel : c', alternative form : çou)

1. it, this

   Ci m' fwait må

   It hurts me

   C' est on ome

   It a man

From Middle Welsh ci, from Proto-Brythonic *ki, from Proto-Celtic *kū, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ.

• IPA^(key): /kiː/
• Rhymes: -iː

ci m (plural cŵn)

1. dog

• gast (“bitch (all senses)”)

• IPA^(key): /ci˧/

ci

1. to cook, to roast, to toast
2. to glow, to shine

• (Standard Zhuang) IPA^(key): /ɕi˨˦/
• Tone numbers: ci¹
• Hyphenation: ci

From Chinese 車 (MC tsyhae).

ci (1957–1982 spelling ci)

1. vehicle

ci (1957–1982 spelling ci)

1. carload of; cartload of; truckload of

ci (1957–1982 spelling ci)

1. to sew with a sewing machine
2. to machine on a lathe

From Chinese 吹 (MC tsyhwe).

ci (Sawndip form 𫩝, 1957–1982 spelling ci)

1. (intransitive, of wind) to blow

   Synonyms: (dialectal) baed, (dialectal) daet, (dialectal) boq, (dialectal) coi

2. (transitive) to blow

   Synonym: (dialectal) baed

3. (transitive) to play (a wind instrument)
4. (transitive) to pump (a bellows)

   Synonyms: (dialectal) daz, (dialectal) boz

From Chinese 催 (MC tshwoj).

ci (1957–1982 spelling ci)

1. to urge

   Synonyms: (dialectal) cui, (dialectal) dok

From Chinese 支 (MC tsye).

ci (1957–1982 spelling ci)

1. Used for stick-like objects.