l'

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See also: ľ and Appendix:Variations of "l"

Asturian

Etymology 1

Contraction of the masculine article el.

Article

l' m

  1. (definite) the
Usage notes
  • The masculine singular article el contracts to l' before a word beginning with a vowel or h: l'asturianu (the Asturian), l'hermanu (the brother)
Related terms

Etymology 2

Contraction of the feminine article la.

Article

l' f

  1. (definite) the
Usage notes
  • The feminine singular article la contracts to l' before a word beginning with a or ha: l'asturiana (the Asturian), l'habitación (the habitation)
Related terms

Catalan

Pronunciation

Article

l' m or f

  1. Contraction of el: the
  2. Contraction of la: the

Usage notes

  • el is contracted to l' before a vowel or h-.
    l'avi ― the grandfather
  • la is contracted to l' before a vowel or h-, except before a following unstressed (h)i- or (h)u-.
    l'àvia ― the grandmother
    l'hora ― the hour
    l'única filla (stressed ⟨u⟩) ― the only daughter
    la ullada (unstressed ⟨u⟩) ― the glance

Pronoun

l'

  1. Contraction of el.
  2. Contraction of la.

Usage notes

  • l' is the elided (elida) form of the pronoun. It is used before verbs beginning with a vowel. The exceptions regarding the contraction of la mentioned above apply as well.
    L'envejo. ― I envy him/her.
    La interessa. (unstressed ⟨i⟩) ― It interests her.

Declension

Catalan personal pronouns and clitics
strong/subject weak (direct object) weak (indirect object) possessive
singular proclitic enclitic proclitic enclitic
1st person jo, mi3 em, m’ -me, ’m em, m’ -me, ’m meu
1st person majestic1 nós ens -nos, ’ns ens -nos, ’ns nostre
2nd person tu et, t’ -te, ’t et, t’ -te, ’t teu
2nd person formal1 vós us -vos, -us us -vos, -us vostre
2nd person very formal2 vostè el, l’ -lo, ’l li -li seu
3rd person masculine ell el, l’ -lo, ’l li -li seu
3rd person feminine ella la, l’4 -la li -li seu
3rd person neuter ho -ho li -li seu
3rd person reflexive si es, s’ -se, ’s es, s’ -se, ’s seu
plural
1st person nosaltres ens -nos, ’ns ens -nos, ’ns nostre
2nd person vosaltres us -vos, -us us -vos, -us vostre
2nd person formal2 vostès els -los, ’ls els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person masculine ells els -los, ’ls els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person feminine elles les -les els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person reflexive si es, s’ -se, ’s es, s’ -se, ’s seu
adverbial
ablative/genitive en, n’ -ne, ’n
locative hi -hi
1) Behaves grammatically as plural.
2) Behaves grammatically as third person. 		3) Only as object of a preposition.
4) Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

Corsican

Article

l'

  1. (before a vowel) Apocopic form of u, lu: the
  2. (before a vowel) Apocopic form of a, la: the
  3. (before a vowel) Apocopic form of i, li: the
  4. (before a vowel) Apocopic form of e, le: the

Pronoun

l'

  1. (before a vowel) Apocopic form of u, lu: him
  2. (before a vowel) Apocopic form of a, la: her
  3. (before a vowel) Apocopic form of i, li: them
  4. (before a vowel) Apocopic form of e, le: them

See also

Corsican personal pronouns
Nominative Dative Accusative Disjunctive
Singular 1st person eiu mi mè
2nd person tù ti tè
3rd person m ellu li u, l' ellu
3rd person f ella a, l' ella
Plural 1st person noi ci noi
2nd person voi vi voi
3rd person m elli li i, l' elli
3rd person f elle e, l' elle

References

Esperanto

Pronunciation

Article

l' (definite)

  1. (poetic) Apocopic form of la: the

Usage notes

It is used mainly in poetry and lyrics as a tool for enforcing a specific meter or rhythm, although it may at times be used in prose for a poetic stylistic effect.

A space is used after l' (e.g. "de l' mondo", not "de l'mondo"). It is most common after prepositions ending in a vowel, de l' (“of the”) being most common by far.

When possible it is pronounced at the end of the proceeding syllable rather than at the start of the following syllable (e.g. de l' animo (“of the soul”) is pronounced /del aˈni.mo/ rather than /de laˈni.mo/).

Frequent or consistent use of l' can be found as a feature of the ideolects of some people, but this is considered non-standard, and is discouraged by the majority of fluent speakers.

Derived terms

French

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /l‿/
  • Audio(file)

Article

l’ m or f (singular, definite)

  1. (before a vowel) Apocopic form of le, la: the
  2. (Quebec, colloquial, after a vowel) Apocopic form of le: the
    • 2002, Jean-François Pauzé (lyrics and music), “La Manifestation”, in Break Syndical:
      À la manifestation, / on rêvait d’révolution / se gelant l’cul avec une poignée de comparses / sous la pluie froide du mois d’mars
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Pronoun

l’ m or f (third-person singular)

  1. (before a vowel) Apocopic form of le, la: him, her, it
  2. (Quebec, colloquial, after a vowel) Apocopic form of le: him, it
    • 2002, Jean-François Pauzé, Marie-Annick Lépine (lyrics and music), “Toune d'automne”, in Break Syndical:
      Icitte y’a papa qui se r’met / fe sa p’tite opération / t’aurais du l’voir, y fakait / fallait l’traiter aux p’tits oignons
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Related terms

French personal pronouns
Number Person Gender Nominative
(subject) 		Accusative
(direct complement) 		Dative
(indirect complement) 		Disjunctive
(tonic)
Singular First — je, j’ me, m’ moi
Second — tu te, t’ toi
Third Masculine il le, l’ lui lui
Feminine elle la, l’ elle
Gender neutral5 iel lea ellui
Indeterminate on1 — — —
Reflexive — se, s’4 soi4
Plural First — nous nous nous
Second — vous2 vous2,3 vous2
Third Masculine ils3 les leur eux
Feminine elles elles
Gender neutral5 iels elleux
1 Also used as the first person plural.
2 Also used as the polite singular form.
3 Also used when a group has both men and women.
4 Also used as third person plural reflexive.
5 Colloquial, and not in popular use.

Further reading

Friulian

Friulian Definite Articles
singular plural
masculine il
l' 		i
feminine  la
l' 		lis

Article

l' m or f (definite)

  1. (before a vowel) Apocopic form of il, la: the

Haitian Creole

Etymology

Contration of li, from French lui.

Pronoun

l'

  1. Alternative spelling of l; contraction of li.

Ido

Article

l'

  1. (before a vowel) Apocopic form of la: the

Italian

Italian Definite Articles
singular plural
masculine il
lo/l' 		i
gli
feminine  la/l' le

Pronunciation

Article

l' m or f (apocopated) (definite)

  1. (before a vowel) Apocopic form of il/lo, la: the

Pronoun

l' m or f (apocopated)

  1. (before vowels) Apocopic form of lo, la: him, her, it

Usage notes

  • Optionally elides before a vowel, especially before ho and ha: l'ho, l'ha. Elision before other verbs beginning with a stressed vowel is less common: lo era instead of l'era, lo è instead of l'è.

See also

Italian personal pronouns
Number Person Gender Nominative Reflexive Accusative Dative Conjunctive Disjunctive Locative Partitive
Singular first — io mi, m', -mi me me —
second — tu ti, t', -ti te te
third m lui si2, s', -si lo, l', -lo gli, -gli glie, se2 lui, sé ci, c',
vi, v' (formal) 		ne, n'
f lei, Lei1 la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1 le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1 lei, Lei1, sé
Plural first — noi ci, c', -ci ce noi —
second — voi, Voi4 vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4 ve voi, Voi4
third m loro, Loro1 si, s', -si li, Li1, -li, -Li1 gli, -gli, loro (formal),
Loro1 		glie, se loro, Loro1, sé ci, c',
vi, v' (formal) 		ne, n'
f le, Le1, -le, -Le1
1 Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead.
2 Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive.
3 Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language.
4 Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous).

Ladin

Article

l' f (singular)

  1. (before a vowel) Apocopic form of la: the

See also

Leonese

Etymology 1

Contraction of the masculine article el.

Article

l' m sg

  1. Apocopic form of el: the
Usage notes
  • The masculine singular article el contracts to l' before a word beginning with a vowel or h.

Etymology 2

Contraction of the feminine article la.

Article

l' f sg

  1. Apocopic form of la: the
Usage notes
  • The feminine singular article la contracts to l' before a word beginning with a or ha.

Ligurian

Article

l' m sg (definite)

  1. (before a vowel) the (+ a masculine name in the singular)

Middle French

Article

l'

  1. elided form of le, la: the

Usage notes

  • Earlier manuscripts omit the apostrophe
  • lame ― the soul

Neapolitan

Etymology

From Latin ille, illa.

Particle

l' m and f (singular and plural definite)

  1. (before a vowel) Apocopic form of 'o, 'a: the

Old French

Article

l'

  1. (before a vowel sound) Apocopic form of la/le: the

Usage notes

  • Original manuscripts omit the apostrophe
  • lame ― the soul

Romagnol

Alternative forms

  • e' before a consonant

Article

l' m (before a vowel)

  1. the

Sassarese

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /l‿/, (after a word ending in a vowel) /r‿/

Article

l'

Sassarese definite articles
singular plural
masculine lu/l' li/l'
feminine la/l'
  1. Apocopic form of lu
  2. Apocopic form of la
  3. Apocopic form of li

Pronoun

l'

  1. Apocopic form of lu
  2. Apocopic form of la
  3. Apocopic form of li

Usage notes

  • Used before a vowel sound.
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