ܐܝܕܐ
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ܐܝܕܐ
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
Etymology 1
Inherited from Aramaic יְדָא (yəḏā), from Proto-Semitic *yad-; compare Arabic يَد (yad), Hebrew יָד (yád) and Akkadian 𒀉 (idum, “arm”).
Pronunciation
Noun
ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܐ • (īḏā) f sg (plural ܐܝܼ̈ܕ݂ܹܐ (īḏē) or ܐܝܼ̈ܕ݂ܵܬ݂ܵܐ (īḏāṯā) or ܐܝܼ̈ܕ݂ܲܘܵܬ݂ܵܐ (īḏawwāṯā))
- (anatomy) hand
- ܫܓ݂ܝܼܫ ܠܹܗ ܐܝܼܕ݂ܝܼ. ― He shook my hand.
- ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܟ݂ܝ̈ ܠܵܐ ܡܵܪܥܝܼ ― īḏāḵ lā mārˁī ― May your hands not hurt
- ܝܼܠܵܗ̇ ܒܐܝܼܕ݂ܝܼ ― īlāh bīḏī ― I can control it/it is in my power (literally, “It is in my hand”)
- ܓܲܒ݂ܪܵܐ ܪܓ݂ܝܼܙ ܠܹܗ ܘܡܨܘܼܪܦܸܚ ܠܹܗ ܐܝܼܕ݂ܹܗ ܥܲܠ ܦܵܬ݂ܘܿܪܵܐ.
- gaḇrā rḡīz lēh w-mṣurpiḥ lēh īḏēh ˁal pāṯōrā.
- The man got angry and slapped his hand on the table.
- c. 2014, ܕܝܬܩܐ ܚܕܬܐ ܕܡܪܢ ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܘܡܙܡܘܪ̈ܐ ܒܠܫܢܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ, Aramaic Bible Translation, Inc., 1 Peter 1:5–Therefore humble yourselves under the mighty hand of God, that He may exalt you in due time.:
- ܒܵܣ ܡܲܟܦܘܼܢ ܢܲܦ̮ܫܟ݂ܘܿܢ ܬܚܘܿܬ݂ ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܐ ܚܲܝܠܵܢܝܼܬ݂ܵܐ ܕܐܲܠܵܗܵܐ، ܕܡܲܪܝܸܡ ܠܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ ܒܥܸܕܵܢܵܐ ܚܫܝܼܚܬܵܐ.
- bās makpūn nafšḵōn tḥōṯ īḏā ḥaylānīṯā d-allāhā, d-maryim lawḵōn b-ˁiddānā ḥšīḥtā.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- (animal anatomy) paw
- (card games) hand
- (soccer) hand foul
- (figuratively) power, might, dominion
Usage notes
- The plural ܐܝܼ̈ܕ݂ܹܐ (īḏē) is used for literal or animate senses of the same possession while ܐܝܼ̈ܕ݂ܵܬ݂ܵܐ (īḏāṯā) is used for the possession of more than one as well as for figurative or inanimate senses.
Inflection
| isolated forms | with possessive pronouns | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| state | form | person | singular | plural | ||||
| m | f | |||||||
| singular | absolute | ܝܲܕ݂ (yaḏ) | 1st person | ܐܝܼܕ݂ܝܼ (īḏī) | ܐܝܼܕ݂ܲܢ (īḏan) | |||
| construct | ܝܲܕ݂ (yaḏ) | 2nd person | ܐܝܼܕ݂ܘܼܟ݂ (īḏōḵ) | ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܟ݂ܝ (īḏāḵ) | ܐܝܼܕ݂ܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (īḏawḵōn) | |||
| emphatic | ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܐ (īḏā) | 3rd person | ܐܝܼܕ݂ܹܗ (īḏēh) | ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܗ̇ (īḏāh) | ܐܝܼܕ݂ܗܘܿܢ (īḏhōn) | |||
| plural | absolute | ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܢ̈ (īḏān) | 1st person | ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܬ݂ܝܼ̈ (īḏāṯī) | ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܬ݂ܲܢ̈ (īḏāṯan) | |||
| construct | ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܬ݂̈ (īḏāṯ) | 2nd person | ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܬ݂ܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (īḏāṯōḵ) | ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܬ݂ܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (īḏāṯāḵ) | ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܬ݂ܲܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (īḏāṯawḵōn) | |||
| emphatic | ܐܝܼ̈ܕ݂ܵܬ݂ܵܐ (īḏāṯā) | 3rd person | ܐܝܼ̈ܕ݂ܵܬ݂ܹܗ (īḏāṯēh) | ܐܝܼ̈ܕ݂ܵܬ݂ܵܗ̇ (īḏāṯāh) | ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܬ݂ܗ̈ܘܿܢ (īḏāṯhōn) | |||
Derived terms
- ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܐ ܒܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܐ (īḏā b-īḏā, “hand in hand; immediately”)
- ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܢܵܐ (īḏānā, “handy”)
- ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܢܵܝܵܐ (īḏānāyā, “manual”)
- ܒܝܲܕ݂ (byaḏ, “by”)
- ܩܵܕ݇ܡ ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܐ (qām īḏā, “at hand”)
Phrasal verbs derived from ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܐ
- ܓܵܪܹܫ ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܐ (gārēš īḏā, “to cease to support; to put up with”)
- ܕܵܒ݂ܹܩ ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܐ (dāḇēq īḏā, “to support”)
- ܕܵܪܹܐ ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܐ (dārē īḏā, “to begin, start”)
- ܡܪܲܦܹܐ ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܐ (mrappē īḏā, “to give up”)
- ܡܵܛܝܵܐ ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܐ (māṭyā īḏā, “to afford”)
- ܥܵܪܹܐ ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܐ (ˁārē īḏā, “to unite, team up”)
Etymology 2
Inherited from Aramaic אַיְדָּא (ʾaydā), from אַי (ʾay) + הָדֵּא (hāḏē, “this”), hence from Proto-Semitic *ʔayy-; compare Hebrew אֵיזוֹ (éizo) and Arabic أَيَّة (ʔayya).
Pronunciation
Pronoun
ܐܲܝܕܵܐ • (aydā) (masculine ܐܲܝܢܵܐ (aynā), plural ܐܲܝܠܹܝܢ (aylēn))
- (interrogative) which
- ܐܲܝܕܵܐ ܟܲܘܹܐ ܦܬ݂ܝܼܚܬܵܐ ܝܗ݇ܘܵܬ݇. ― aydā kawwē pṯīḥtā ìwā. ― Which window was open?
- ܠܵܐ ܟܹܐ ܝܵܕ݂ܥܹܢ ܐܲܝܕܵܐ ܓܘܼܒܬ݂ܵܐ ܕܟܹܐ ܡܫܲܥܠܹܐ.
- lā kē yāḏˁēn aydā gubṯā d-kē mšaˁlē.
- I don't know which cheese he prefers.
Usage notes
Many dialects only use the masculine form regardless of gender or plural.
Derived terms
- ܐܲܝܕܵܐ ܕܗܵܘܝܵܐ (aydā d-hāwyā, “Whichever one; Any of them.”)
Classical Syriac
Etymology 1
From Proto-Semitic *yad-.
Pronunciation
Noun
ܐܝܕܐ • (ˀīḏā) f (plural ܐܝܕܗܬܐ or ܐܝܕܘܬܐ or ܐܝܕܝܐ or ܐܝܕܐ)
- (anatomy) hand; forearm, arm
- fist
- (animal anatomy) paw, forepaw
- glove
- armrest
- handle
- axle (of a wheel)
- clapper (of a bell)
- side, bank, shore
- (figuratively) power, might, dominion
- (figuratively) laying on of hands, ordination
Usage notes
Usually, the plurals ܐܝܕܐ (ʾīḏē) and ܐܝܕܝܐ (ʾīḏayyā) are used for literal or animate senses while ܐܝܕܘܬܐ (ʾīḏawwāṯā) and ܐܝܕܗܬܐ (ʾīḏahhāṯā) are used for figurative or inanimate senses.
Inflection
| isolated forms | with possessive pronouns | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| state | form | person | singular | plural | ||||
| m | f | m | f | |||||
| singular | absolute | ܝܕ | 1st person | ܐܝܕܝ | ܐܝܕܢ | |||
| construct | ܐܝܕ ,ܝܕ | 2nd person | ܐܝܕܟ | ܐܝܕܟܝ | ܐܝܕܟܘܢ | ܐܝܕܟܝܢ | ||
| emphatic | ܐܝܕܐ | 3rd person | ܐܝܕܗ | ܐܝܕܗ | ܐܝܕܗܘܢ | ܐܝܕܗܝܢ | ||
| plural | absolute | ܐܝܕܗܢ, ܐܝܕܘܢ, ܐܝܕܝܢ | 1st person | ܐܝܕܗܬܝ ,ܐܝܕܘܬܝ ,ܐܝܕܝ | ܐܝܕܗܬܢ ,ܐܝܕܘܬܢ ,ܐܝܕܝܢ | |||
| construct | ܐܝܕܗܬ, ܐܝܕܘܬ, ܐܝܕܝ | 2nd person | ܐܝܕܗܬܟ ,ܐܝܕܘܬܟ ,ܐܝܕܝܟ | ܐܝܕܗܬܟܝ ,ܐܝܕܘܬܟܝ ,ܐܝܕܝܟܝ | ܐܝܕܗܬܟܘܢ ,ܐܝܕܘܬܟܘܢ ,ܐܝܕܝܟܘܢ | ܐܝܕܗܬܟܝܢ ,ܐܝܕܘܬܟܝܢ ,ܐܝܕܝܟܝܢ | ||
| emphatic | ܐܝܕܗܬܐ ,ܐܝܕܘܬܐ ,ܐܝܕܝܐ ,ܐܝܕܐ | 3rd person | ܐܝܕܗܬܗ ,ܐܝܕܘܬܗ ,ܐܝܕܘܗܝ | ܐܝܕܗܬܗ ,ܐܝܕܘܬܗ ,ܐܝܕܝܗ | ܐܝܕܗܬܗܘܢ ,ܐܝܕܘܬܗܘܢ ,ܐܝܕܝܗܘܢ | ܐܝܕܗܬܗܝܢ ,ܐܝܕܘܬܗܝܢ ,ܐܝܕܝܗܝܢ | ||
Derived terms
Synonyms
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
Noun
ܐܝܕܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܐܝܕܐ)
- alternative form of ܥܐܕܐ
Inflection
| isolated forms | with possessive pronouns | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| state | form | person | singular | plural | ||||
| m | f | m | f | |||||
| singular | absolute | ܐܝܕ | 1st person | ܐܝܕܝ | ܐܝܕܢ | |||
| construct | ܐܝܕ | 2nd person | ܐܝܕܟ | ܐܝܕܟܝ | ܐܝܕܟܘܢ | ܐܝܕܟܝܢ | ||
| emphatic | ܐܝܕܐ | 3rd person | ܐܝܕܗ | ܐܝܕܗ | ܐܝܕܗܘܢ | ܐܝܕܗܝܢ | ||
| plural | absolute | ܐܝܕܝܢ | 1st person | ܐܝܕܝ | ܐܝܕܝܢ | |||
| construct | ܐܝܕܝ | 2nd person | ܐܝܕܝܟ | ܐܝܕܝܟܝ | ܐܝܕܝܟܘܢ | ܐܝܕܝܟܝܢ | ||
| emphatic | ܐܝܕܐ | 3rd person | ܐܝܕܘܗܝ | ܐܝܕܝܗ | ܐܝܕܝܗܘܢ | ܐܝܕܝܗܝܢ | ||
References
- “yd”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, pages 136b–137a
- Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 186a
- Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, →ISBN, page 31b
Turoyo
Etymology
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