कोटि

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Sanskrit

Sanskrit numbers (edit)
 ←  10,000 [a], [b] ←  1,000,000 (106) १०००००००
10,000,000 (107)
100,000,000 (108)  →  10,000,000,000 (1010)  → 
    Cardinal: कोटि (koṭi)

Alternative scripts

Etymology

Of uncertain origin.

For the "curved end of a bow, tip" meanings, Burrow compares Latin cautēs (pointy rock). He also considered a borrowing from Dravidian in the past, but later rejects this.

The "large number" meaning is often considered to be of a separate origin from the other meanings, and is traditionally considered of substrate (possibly Munda) origin; compare Bodo Gadaba (koɽi, twenty) (in small-scale counting, 20 would be considered a large number). However, Mayrhofer later doubts this derivation, and considers the "large number" meaning as a semantic transfer from the "tip" meaning.

Pronunciation

Noun

कोटि (koṭi) stemf

  1. the curved end of a bow or of claws, end or top of anything, edge or point (of a sword), horns or cusps (of the moon)
  2. the highest point, eminence, excellence, end, extremity
  3. ‘a point or side in an argument or disputation’, (if there are two) ‘alternative
  4. the complement of an arc to 90 degrees
  5. the perpendicular side of a right-angled triangle
  6. Medicago esculenta
  7. the highest number in the older system of numbers; a krore, ten million (10,000,000), or 100 lakhs (1,00,00,000) in the South Asian numeral system

Declension

Feminine i-stem declension of कोटि (koṭi)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative कोटिः
koṭiḥ
कोटी
koṭī
कोटयः
koṭayaḥ
Vocative कोटे
koṭe
कोटी
koṭī
कोटयः
koṭayaḥ
Accusative कोटिम्
koṭim
कोटी
koṭī
कोटीः
koṭīḥ
Instrumental कोट्या / कोटी¹
koṭyā / koṭī¹
कोटिभ्याम्
koṭibhyām
कोटिभिः
koṭibhiḥ
Dative कोटये / कोट्यै² / कोटी¹
koṭaye / koṭyai² / koṭī¹
कोटिभ्याम्
koṭibhyām
कोटिभ्यः
koṭibhyaḥ
Ablative कोटेः / कोट्याः² / कोट्यै³
koṭeḥ / koṭyāḥ² / koṭyai³
कोटिभ्याम्
koṭibhyām
कोटिभ्यः
koṭibhyaḥ
Genitive कोटेः / कोट्याः² / कोट्यै³
koṭeḥ / koṭyāḥ² / koṭyai³
कोट्योः
koṭyoḥ
कोटीनाम्
koṭīnām
Locative कोटौ / कोट्याम्² / कोटा¹
koṭau / koṭyām² / koṭā¹
कोट्योः
koṭyoḥ
कोटिषु
koṭiṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
  • ²Later Sanskrit
  • ³Brāhmaṇas

Descendants

Borrowed terms

References

  • Monier Williams (1899) “कोटि”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 312/3.
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 124
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 270
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “koti”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 181