गायति

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Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *gáHyati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gáHyati, from Proto-Indo-European *géHyeti, from *geH-. Cognate with Old East Slavic гаяти (gajati), Latvian dziêdu.

Pronunciation

Verb

गायति • (gā́yati) third-singular indicative (class 1, type P, present, root गै)

  1. to sing, recite, chant
    • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 2.43.2:
      उ॒द्गा॒तेव॑ शकुने॒ साम॑ गायसि ब्रह्मपु॒त्र इ॑व॒ सव॑नेषु शंससि।
      वृषे॑व वा॒जी शिशु॑मतीर॒पीत्या॑ स॒र्वतो॑ नः शकुने भ॒द्रमा व॑द वि॒श्वतो॑ नः शकुने॒ पुण्य॒मा व॑द॥
      udgātéva śakune sā́ma gāyasi brahmaputrá iva sávaneṣu śaṃsasi.
      vṛ́ṣeva vājī́ śíśumatīrapī́tyā sarváto naḥ śakune bhadrámā́ vada viśváto naḥ śakune púṇyamā́ vada.
      Thou like the chanter-priest chantest the holy song, O Bird; thou singest at libations like a Brahman's son.
      Even as a vigorous horse when he comes near the mare, announce to us good fortune, Bird, on every side, proclaim in all directions happy luck, O Bird.
  2. to praise in song
  3. to relate in metrical language

Conjugation

Present: गायति (gā́yati), गायते (gā́yate)
Active Mediopassive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
Indicative
Third गायति
gā́yati 		गायतः
gā́yataḥ 		गायन्ति
gā́yanti 		गायते
gā́yate 		गायेते
gā́yete 		गायन्ते
gā́yante
Second गायसि
gā́yasi 		गायथः
gā́yathaḥ 		गायथ
gā́yatha 		गायसे
gā́yase 		गायेथे
gā́yethe 		गायध्वे
gā́yadhve
First गायामि
gā́yāmi 		गायावः
gā́yāvaḥ 		गायामः / गायामसि¹
gā́yāmaḥ / gā́yāmasi¹ 		गाये
gā́ye 		गायावहे
gā́yāvahe 		गायामहे
gā́yāmahe
Imperative
Third गायतु
gā́yatu 		गायताम्
gā́yatām 		गायन्तु
gā́yantu 		गायताम्
gā́yatām 		गायेताम्
gā́yetām 		गायन्ताम्
gā́yantām
Second गाय
gā́ya 		गायतम्
gā́yatam 		गायत
gā́yata 		गायस्व
gā́yasva 		गायेथाम्
gā́yethām 		गायध्वम्
gā́yadhvam
First गायानि
gā́yāni 		गायाव
gā́yāva 		गायाम
gā́yāma 		गायै
gā́yai 		गायावहै
gā́yāvahai 		गायामहै
gā́yāmahai
Optative/Potential
Third गायेत्
gā́yet 		गायेताम्
gā́yetām 		गायेयुः
gā́yeyuḥ 		गायेत
gā́yeta 		गायेयाताम्
gā́yeyātām 		गायेरन्
gā́yeran
Second गायेः
gā́yeḥ 		गायेतम्
gā́yetam 		गायेत
gā́yeta 		गायेथाः
gā́yethāḥ 		गायेयाथाम्
gā́yeyāthām 		गायेध्वम्
gā́yedhvam
First गायेयम्
gā́yeyam 		गायेव
gā́yeva 		गायेम
gā́yema 		गायेय
gā́yeya 		गायेवहि
gā́yevahi 		गायेमहि
gā́yemahi
Subjunctive
Third गायात् / गायाति
gā́yāt / gā́yāti 		गायातः
gā́yātaḥ 		गायान्
gā́yān 		गायाते / गायातै
gā́yāte / gā́yātai 		गायैते
gā́yaite 		गायन्त / गायान्तै
gā́yanta / gā́yāntai
Second गायाः / गायासि
gā́yāḥ / gā́yāsi 		गायाथः
gā́yāthaḥ 		गायाथ
gā́yātha 		गायासे / गायासै
gā́yāse / gā́yāsai 		गायैथे
gā́yaithe 		गायाध्वै
gā́yādhvai
First गायानि
gā́yāni 		गायाव
gā́yāva 		गायाम
gā́yāma 		गायै
gā́yai 		गायावहै
gā́yāvahai 		गायामहै
gā́yāmahai
Participles
गायत्
gā́yat 		गायमान
gā́yamāna
Notes
  • The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit.
  • ¹Vedic
Imperfect: अगायत् (ágāyat), अगायत (ágāyata)
Active Mediopassive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
Indicative
Third अगायत्
ágāyat 		अगायताम्
ágāyatām 		अगायन्
ágāyan 		अगायत
ágāyata 		अगायेताम्
ágāyetām 		अगायन्त
ágāyanta
Second अगायः
ágāyaḥ 		अगायतम्
ágāyatam 		अगायत
ágāyata 		अगायथाः
ágāyathāḥ 		अगायेथाम्
ágāyethām 		अगायध्वम्
ágāyadhvam
First अगायम्
ágāyam 		अगायाव
ágāyāva 		अगायाम
ágāyāma 		अगाये
ágāye 		अगायावहि
ágāyāvahi 		अगायामहि
ágāyāmahi

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